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Gross Anatomy Exam 1 > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

The breasts are _____ structures

A

Cutaneous

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2
Q

Muscles of the pectoral Region

A

Pec Major, minor, subclavius, and serratus anterior

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3
Q

Nearby muscles of the pec region

A

deltoid and ant. abdominal wall

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4
Q

Bones of the thorax

8

A 
Rib (1st and 7th)
Manubrium of sternum
body of sternum
xiphoid process (of sternum)
Clavicle
Scapula
Thoracic vertebra
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5
Q

Types of ribs (2)

A

atypical and typical

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6
Q

Number of typical ribs

A

3-10

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7
Q

number of atypical ribs

A

1-2, 11-12

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8
Q

Types of ribs (3)

A

True, false, floating

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9
Q

Vertebrosternal ribs and #

A

true: 1-7

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10
Q

Vertebrochondral ribs and #

A

8-10 (False)

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11
Q

Verterbral ribs and #

A

11-12 (floating)

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12
Q

The costal head of the rib articulates with what

A

the vertebral body

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13
Q

what articulates with the vertebral body

A

the costal head

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14
Q

Costal tubercle articulates with what

A

the transverse process

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15
Q

what articulates with the transverse process

A

costal tubercle

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16
Q

Costal angle articulates with

A

the levatores costarum

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17
Q

the levatores costarum articulates with what

A

the costal angle

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18
Q

location of the intercostal neurovasculature

A

the costal groove

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19
Q

The center notch, at the top of the manubrium

A

jugular notch (T3)

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20
Q

the lateral notches at the top of the manubrium

A

clavicular notch

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21
Q

The pointy bottom of the sternum

A

the xiphoid process

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22
Q

dermatomes

A

area of the body innervated by one spinal nerve-segmental cutaneous innerervation

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23
Q

boundaries of the thorax

A

Sup: superior thoracic aperture (made of superior ribs)

Inf: margin of the costal cartilage and the 12th rib

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24
Q

how many cavities is the thoracic cavity divided into

A

2 pulmonary cavities (lateral) and the mediastinum

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25
Q

Divisions of the mediastinum (2-while one has 3 divisions)

A

sup mediastinum, inf mediastinum including the ant, post, and middle mediastinum

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26
Q

What vertebral level indicates the transition between superior versus inferior mediastinum?

A

T4

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27
Q

intercostal muscles include what (3)

A

innermost, internal, and external intercostal

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28
Q

the m. fibers of the internal intercostal run in which direction

A

up and in

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29
Q

the m. fibers of the external intercostals run in which direction

A

down and in (pocket)

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30
Q

elevates ribs during forced inspiration

A

external intercostal

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31
Q

depresses the ribs

A

internal intercostal (interosseous part)

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32
Q

internal intercostal (interosseous part) function

A

depresses the ribs

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33
Q

external intercostal

A

elevates ribs during forced inspiration

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34
Q

Diaphragm movements during inhalation and exhalation

A

the diaphragm moves up during breathing out and down during breathing in

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35
Q

what are the roots of the phrenic nerve

A

C3,C4,C5

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36
Q

Structures that transverse the diaphragm and at which level

A

IVC @ T8
Esophagus at T10
Aorta at T12
(I 8 10 eggs at 12)

37
Q

intercostal neurovascular structures (5)

A

intercostal nerve, thoracic aorta, post intercostal artery, internal thoracic artery, anterior intercostal artery

38
Q

the internal thoracic artery is a branch of what?

A

the superior subclacvian a. ??

39
Q

What is the innervation of the intercostal muscles

A

intercostal n

40
Q

The posterior mediastinum includes what

A

the thoracic aorta, esophagus, Azygos veins, sympathetic trunks (TEAS G)

+ greater splanchnic nerve

41
Q

azygous system of veins which are variably present

A

Accessory hemi-azygous vein and hemi-azygous vein

42
Q

Azygous vein which everyone always has

A

just the azygos veins

43
Q

Superior mediastinum includes what (6)

A

Thymus (remnants) great vessels (6), trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, and important nerves

44
Q

Great vessels include (6)

A

Right brachiocephalic vein, left brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, ascending aorta, arch of the aorta, pulmonary trunk

45
Q

branches from the arch of the aorta

A

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian

46
Q

the brachiocephalic trunk will branch into what (2)

A

right common carotid and right subclavian aa

47
Q

what forms the esophageal plexus

A

the vagus nerve

48
Q

deep to pec major

A

pec minor

49
Q

lateral pectoral n. only goes to what

A

pec major

50
Q

two nerves that go to the pecs

A

medial (both) and lateral (major only) pectoral nerves

51
Q

helps stabilize the clavicle

A

subclavius

52
Q

acts on the scapula-attaches to back of scapula and wraps around the ribs

A

serratus anterior

53
Q

Pectoral nerve which is superior (medial or lateral)

A

lateral is superior

54
Q

where sternum and manubrium meet

A

Manubriosternal joint (sternal angle)

55
Q

location of manubriosternal joint (rib) and vertebrae

A

where second rib comes in and at T4

56
Q

xyphoid process is made of

A

cartilage or calcified in older patients

57
Q

level of the xyphoid process (vertebrae)

A

T7

58
Q

Thoracic cavity vs bony thorax

A

Thoracic cavity is the bony thorax but divided by the respiratory diaphragm

59
Q

transverse thoracic plane level

A

T4

60
Q

what marks the thoracic plane level

A

manubriosternum joint at T4

61
Q

Contents of sup mediastinum

A

Arch of aorta

trachea

62
Q

Ant. mediastinum contents

A

not much

63
Q

middle mediastinum contents

A

heart

64
Q

post mediastinum contents

A

(descending) aorta (and more to come)

65
Q

Muscle that spans between ribs and the sternum

A

Transversus thoracis

66
Q

membranous ant, and muscular post

A

external intercostal

67
Q

why you can see vessels between innermost and internal intercostals

A

because of where the membranous parts are

68
Q

nerve between innermost and intercostals

A

intercostal nerve

69
Q

membranous in post and muscular in ant

A

internal intercostal

70
Q

membranous in post and ant but muscular in the middle

A

innermost

71
Q

interosseous vs interchondral intercostals

A

between bone and between cartilage-membranous and works with internal ; thus the interchondral is necessary for breathing

72
Q

function of Internal intercostal (interchondral part)

A

Elevate ribs

73
Q

primary muscle that makes the lungs expand and take in air

A

diaphragm

74
Q

when diaphragm has dome shape (relaxed), the lungs are

A

deflated

75
Q

if what nerve is not working the diaphragm cannot contract thus not allowing inspiration

A

Same side phrenic nerve

76
Q

What are the roots of the phrenic nerve?

A

C3-5

77
Q

best place to see intercostal VAN

A

post thoracic wall

78
Q

heart fills up what

A

middle mediastinum

79
Q

largest lymph vessel in the body

A

thoracic duct

80
Q

lymph is traveling _______ before being caught in the thoracic duct

A

superiorly

81
Q

the thoracic duct empties to what two vessels (2)

A

Internal jugular and subclavian

82
Q

Azygos system of veins helps to do what

A

drain the thoracic wall

83
Q

azygos vein drains into

A

sup. vena cava (SVC)

84
Q

Branches of the aorta (3)

A 
1. Brachiocephalic	trunk
(Will	branch	into	R.	
common	carotid,	R.	
subclavian	aa.)
2. Left	common	carotid 3. Left	subclavian
85
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk will branch into (2)

A

(Will branch into R.
common carotid, R.
subclavian aa.)

86
Q

Important nerves in the sup mediastinum

A

R. phrenic n.
L. Vagus n.
Ant. Vagal trunk
L. recurrent laryngeal n.

87
Q

phrenic n. provides

A

Motor innervation to the respiratory diaphragm

88
Q

Motor innervation to intercostal m

A

intercostal n.

89
Q

Vagus n. function

A

parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic organs

Gross Anatomy Exam 1 (6 decks)

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