Thorax Flashcards
1
Q
The breasts are _____ structures
A
Cutaneous
2
Q
Muscles of the pectoral Region
A
Pec Major, minor, subclavius, and serratus anterior
3
Q
Nearby muscles of the pec region
A
deltoid and ant. abdominal wall
4
Q
Bones of the thorax
8
A
Rib (1st and 7th) Manubrium of sternum body of sternum xiphoid process (of sternum) Clavicle Scapula Thoracic vertebra
5
Q
Types of ribs (2)
A
atypical and typical
6
Q
Number of typical ribs
A
3-10
7
Q
number of atypical ribs
A
1-2, 11-12
8
Q
Types of ribs (3)
A
True, false, floating
9
Q
Vertebrosternal ribs and #
A
true: 1-7
10
Q
Vertebrochondral ribs and #
A
8-10 (False)
11
Q
Verterbral ribs and #
A
11-12 (floating)
12
Q
The costal head of the rib articulates with what
A
the vertebral body
13
Q
what articulates with the vertebral body
A
the costal head
14
Q
Costal tubercle articulates with what
A
the transverse process
15
Q
what articulates with the transverse process
A
costal tubercle
16
Q
Costal angle articulates with
A
the levatores costarum
17
Q
the levatores costarum articulates with what
A
the costal angle
18
Q
location of the intercostal neurovasculature
A
the costal groove
19
Q
The center notch, at the top of the manubrium
A
jugular notch (T3)
20
Q
the lateral notches at the top of the manubrium
A
clavicular notch
21
Q
The pointy bottom of the sternum
A
the xiphoid process
22
Q
dermatomes
A
area of the body innervated by one spinal nerve-segmental cutaneous innerervation
23
Q
boundaries of the thorax
A
Sup: superior thoracic aperture (made of superior ribs)
Inf: margin of the costal cartilage and the 12th rib
24
Q
how many cavities is the thoracic cavity divided into
A
2 pulmonary cavities (lateral) and the mediastinum
25
Divisions of the mediastinum (2-while one has 3 divisions)
sup mediastinum, inf mediastinum including the ant, post, and middle mediastinum
26
What vertebral level indicates the transition between superior versus inferior mediastinum?
T4
27
intercostal muscles include what (3)
innermost, internal, and external intercostal
28
the m. fibers of the internal intercostal run in which direction
up and in
29
the m. fibers of the external intercostals run in which direction
down and in (pocket)
30
elevates ribs during forced inspiration
external intercostal
31
depresses the ribs
internal intercostal (interosseous part)
32
internal intercostal (interosseous part) function
depresses the ribs
33
external intercostal
elevates ribs during forced inspiration
34
Diaphragm movements during inhalation and exhalation
the diaphragm moves up during breathing out and down during breathing in
35
what are the roots of the phrenic nerve
C3,C4,C5
36
Structures that transverse the diaphragm and at which level
IVC @ T8
Esophagus at T10
Aorta at T12
(I 8 10 eggs at 12)
37
intercostal neurovascular structures (5)
intercostal nerve, thoracic aorta, post intercostal artery, internal thoracic artery, anterior intercostal artery
38
the internal thoracic artery is a branch of what?
the superior subclacvian a. ??
39
What is the innervation of the intercostal muscles
intercostal n
40
The posterior mediastinum includes what
the thoracic aorta, esophagus, Azygos veins, sympathetic trunks (TEAS G)
+ greater splanchnic nerve
41
azygous system of veins which are variably present
Accessory hemi-azygous vein and hemi-azygous vein
42
Azygous vein which everyone always has
just the azygos veins
43
Superior mediastinum includes what (6)
Thymus (remnants) great vessels (6), trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, and important nerves
44
Great vessels include (6)
Right brachiocephalic vein, left brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, ascending aorta, arch of the aorta, pulmonary trunk
45
branches from the arch of the aorta
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian
46
the brachiocephalic trunk will branch into what (2)
right common carotid and right subclavian aa
47
what forms the esophageal plexus
the vagus nerve
48
deep to pec major
pec minor
49
lateral pectoral n. only goes to what
pec major
50
two nerves that go to the pecs
medial (both) and lateral (major only) pectoral nerves
51
helps stabilize the clavicle
subclavius
52
acts on the scapula-attaches to back of scapula and wraps around the ribs
serratus anterior
53
Pectoral nerve which is superior (medial or lateral)
lateral is superior
54
where sternum and manubrium meet
Manubriosternal joint (sternal angle)
55
location of manubriosternal joint (rib) and vertebrae
where second rib comes in and at T4
56
xyphoid process is made of
cartilage or calcified in older patients
57
level of the xyphoid process (vertebrae)
T7
58
Thoracic cavity vs bony thorax
Thoracic cavity is the bony thorax but divided by the respiratory diaphragm
59
transverse thoracic plane level
T4
60
what marks the thoracic plane level
manubriosternum joint at T4
61
Contents of sup mediastinum
Arch of aorta
| trachea
62
Ant. mediastinum contents
not much
63
middle mediastinum contents
heart
64
post mediastinum contents
(descending) aorta (and more to come)
65
Muscle that spans between ribs and the sternum
Transversus thoracis
66
membranous ant, and muscular post
external intercostal
67
why you can see vessels between innermost and internal intercostals
because of where the membranous parts are
68
nerve between innermost and intercostals
intercostal nerve
69
membranous in post and muscular in ant
internal intercostal
70
membranous in post and ant but muscular in the middle
innermost
71
interosseous vs interchondral intercostals
between bone and between cartilage-membranous and works with internal ; thus the interchondral is necessary for breathing
72
function of Internal intercostal (interchondral part)
Elevate ribs
73
primary muscle that makes the lungs expand and take in air
diaphragm
74
when diaphragm has dome shape (relaxed), the lungs are
deflated
75
if what nerve is not working the diaphragm cannot contract thus not allowing inspiration
Same side phrenic nerve
76
What are the roots of the phrenic nerve?
C3-5
77
best place to see intercostal VAN
post thoracic wall
78
heart fills up what
middle mediastinum
79
largest lymph vessel in the body
thoracic duct
80
lymph is traveling _______ before being caught in the thoracic duct
superiorly
81
the thoracic duct empties to what two vessels (2)
Internal jugular and subclavian
82
Azygos system of veins helps to do what
drain the thoracic wall
83
azygos vein drains into
sup. vena cava (SVC)
84
Branches of the aorta (3)
```
1. Brachiocephalic trunk
(Will branch into R.
common carotid, R.
subclavian aa.)
2. Left common carotid 3. Left subclavian
```
85
Brachiocephalic trunk will branch into (2)
(Will branch into R.
common carotid, R.
subclavian aa.)
86
Important nerves in the sup mediastinum
R. phrenic n.
L. Vagus n.
Ant. Vagal trunk
L. recurrent laryngeal n.
87
phrenic n. provides
Motor innervation to the respiratory diaphragm
88
Motor innervation to intercostal m
intercostal n.
89
Vagus n. function
parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic organs
