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Gross Anatomy Exam 1 > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Contents of Sup mediastinum

A

Great vessels, (thymus), trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve

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2
Q

Contents of ant mediastinum

A

Mainly CT

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3
Q

Middle Mediastinum contents

A

Heart, Pericardium

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4
Q

Posterior Mediastinum contents

A

Thoracic aorta, esophagus, thoracic duct, azygos veins, sympathetic trunks

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5
Q

The transverse sinus runs through what (2)

A

Ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk

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6
Q

heart chambers

A
  1. Right atrium
  2. Right ventricle
  3. Left atrium
  4. Left ventricle
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7
Q

base of the heart

A

opposite the apex

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8
Q

Inferior diaphragmatic surface

A

Flat surface between the base of the heart and the apex (basically runs along the bottom of the right ventricle)

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9
Q

Apex of the heart is at what level

A

left 5th intercostal space

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10
Q

Superior border of the heart is at which level

A

2nd intercostal spaces

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11
Q

Cardiopulmonary circulation

A

From upper body from the superior vena cava and from lower body from IVC into the Right Atrium –> tricuspid valve –> right ventricle –> pulmonary valve –> pulmonary trunk/artery –> lungs –> pulmonary veins –> left atrium –> mitral valve –> left ventricle –> aortic valve –> up to the aorta and to the body

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12
Q

Diastole begins on the closure of which two valves

A

diastole begins upon closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

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13
Q

What opens at the early moments of diastole (2)

A

the atrioventricular valves

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14
Q

______ contraction occurs during the final moments of diastole

A

atrial

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15
Q

What happens very soon after systole begins?

A

closure of atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral) very soon after systole begins

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16
Q

During systole (late) what happens

A

opening of aortic and pulmonary valves during systole

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17
Q

Posterior view of the heart (6)

A

Answers:

  1. Left atrium
  2. Right pulmonary veins
  3. Left pulmonary veins
  4. Right atrium
  5. Superior vena cava
  6. Inferior vena cava
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18
Q

In fetal blood circulation, describe the blood which enters the R. atrium

A

blood with high and low oxygen content enters

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19
Q

In fetal blood circulation, oxygenated blood from the IVC is shunted where

A

towards the foramen ovale

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20
Q

In fetal blood circulation, oxygenated blood from the IVC is shunted to the foramen ovale and then goes

A

to the left atrium, left ventricle, and then is circulated systemically

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21
Q

in a fetus, Blood can pass from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta via the

A

ductus arteriosus

22
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

allows blood passage from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in a fetus

23
Q

Common etiology of atrial septal defect in a fetus

A

the foramen ovale does not close

24
Q

in atrial septal defect, what happens? Why?

A

This defect allows oxygen-rich blood to leak into the oxygen-poor blood chambers in the heart… therefore the RA will hypertrophy

25
Q

In patent ductus arteriosus, the blood in this location is what

A

low in oxygen because oxygenated blood in the left ventricle is able to flow back to the lungs,

26
Q

patent ductus arteriosis

A

where the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, allowing passage of blood from the pulmonary trunk directly to the aorta.

27
Q

in patent ductus arteriosus, Does the blood in this location NORMALLY have a high or low oxygen content?

A

The blood in the aorta has high oxygen, while in the pulmonary trunk it has a low oxygen content.

28
Q

In patent ductus arteriosus, what would happen to respiration? How does this affect the heart?

A

Respiration rate increases-as the patient becomes hypoxic (oxygenated blood is lost from aorta). The heart is forced to work harder to oxygenate the body and is prone to failure

29
Q

In patent ductus arteriosus, what would happen to respiration? How does this affect the heart?

A

Respiration rate increases-as the patient becomes hypoxic (oxygenated blood is lost from aorta). The heart is forced to work harder to oxygenate the body and is prone to failure

30
Q

Where are ventricular septal defects likely to occur? Which is more common and which is more clinically significant?

A

In the membranous or muscular part of the intraventicular septum
-membranous is more common and more significant

31
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

3 causes

A
  1. obstruction of pulmonary trunk
  2. ventricular septal defect
  3. overriding aorta
32
Q

Heart sounds- “lub dup:

A 
LUB= Atrioventricular valve closes
DUP= Semilunar valve closes
33
Q

Levels to hear heart sounds-right side?

A

3rd costal cartilage and 6th

34
Q

Levels to hear heart sounds-left side

A

2nd costal cartilage
Midclavicular line
5th intercostal space

35
Q

Pacemaker of the heart

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

36
Q

Conduction system of the heart-explain

A

SA node –> AV node –> AV bundle/aka bundle of his –>bundle branches –> purkinje fibers

Note can also go SA directly to Left Atrium

37
Q

Impulse is delayed where in heart conduction

A

at the AV node

38
Q

in heart conduction-the impulse passes to the heart apex via the bundle branches to begin what

A

ventricular excitation

39
Q

What conducts the final ventricular excitation to the muscles of the heart

A

purkinje fibers

40
Q

Location and Function of the moderator band in the heart?

A

The moderator band is located in the right ventricular apex that connects the interventricular septum to the anterior papillary muscle.

The function of this anatomy is to act as a primary conduction path in to the free wall originating from the right bundle branch

41
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart

A

Vagus nerve (CNX)

42
Q

What does the vagus nerve (CNX) do to the heart? (3)

A

Slows heart rate
Reduces F of contraction
Constricts coronary arteries

43
Q

Where is the vagus n. found near/ in the heart?

A

Passes posterior to the root of the lung

44
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the heart

A

Sympathetic chain from levels C4-T5

45
Q

Functions of the sympathetic chain on the heart? (4)

A

Increased heart rate, conduction, F of contraction, and blood flow through coronary arteries

46
Q

Thymus with age

A

immune organ, atrophies with age

47
Q

Thymus location to great vessels

A

ant

48
Q

Most ant great vessel

A

Pulmonary trunk

49
Q

Pericardium attaches to the diaphragm via what

A

the Pericaridacophrenic ligament

50
Q

Supplies blood to the pericardium

A

Pericardiacophrenic artery

51
Q

Pericardiacophrenic artery is a branch of?

A

the interal thoracic a.????

Gross Anatomy Exam 1 (6 decks)

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