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Anatomy 1 > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

The thorax is composed of what four parts

A
  1. Thoracic Vertebrae
  2. 12 pairs of ribs (costae)
  3. Sternum
  4. Costal Cartilages
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2
Q

What are the functions of the thorax

A
  1. Protection of vital organs within
  2. attachment point for the shoulder girdle and upper limb
  3. Expandable/ collapsible container which facilitates respiration
  4. Maintain hemopoiesis
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3
Q

How does the thorax facilitate respiration

A

By changing the ration between intrathoracic pressure and volume

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4
Q

What type of bones is the thorax composed of

A

Flat

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5
Q

What is hemopoiesis

A

production of blood elements

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6
Q

What are the bones of the Sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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7
Q

What are the features of the manubrium

A

clavicular notch
jugular notch
notch for 1st rib
1/2 notch for 2nd rib

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8
Q

What are the features of the sternum body

A

notches for ribs 2-7

composed of bony fragments called sternebrae

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9
Q

What are the features of the xiphoid process

A
  • Cartilaginous attachment to sternum

- xiphoid process is the tip of the infrasternal angle (costal cartilages of ribs 7-10)

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10
Q

Where is the sternal angle

A

between the manubrium and the sternal body

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11
Q

What is the sternal angle a good landmark of

A

an excellent palpable landmark for orientation on the anterior surface of the chest

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12
Q

What is the xiphoid process a good landmark for?

A

a good landmark for the inferior boundary of thoracic cavity
inferior border of the heart
superior boundary of the liver

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13
Q

What ribs are ‘true ribs’

A

ribs 1-7

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14
Q

Why are true ribs called that?

A

because of their direct attachment to sternum

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15
Q

What are ribs 8-12 called

A

False ribs

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16
Q

What ribs are floating ribs

A

11 & 12

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17
Q

Why are floating ribs called that?

A

because they do not attach to the sternum at all

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18
Q

Which ribs are typical ribs

A

3-10

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19
Q

What are the features of a typical rib

A 
head
crest
neck
angle
tubercle
flat body
costal sulcus
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20
Q

What is the crest on the rib

A

divides head into 2 articular surfaces to accommodate the head of a rib to articulate with two vertebrae

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21
Q

What are the features of the tubercle of the rib

A

an additional facet- joint between rib and transverse process of vertebra

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22
Q

What is the shape of a typical body of a rib

A

flat and exhibit anterior and posterior surfaces

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23
Q

Where is the costal sulcus

A

inferior margin of typical rib

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24
Q

What is the costal sulcus

A

a linear groove that provides extra space and protection for intercostal arteries, veins and nerves

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25
Q

What ribs are Atypical

A

1, 2, 11, 12

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26
Q

What are the features of Rib 1

A

tubercle of anterior scalenus muscle

grooves for subclavian artery and vein

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27
Q

Which atypical rib has a tuberosity of serratus anterior muscle

A

rib 2

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28
Q

What are the features of ribs 11 and 12

A

shorter than other ribs
their heads posses only a single whole facet
these ribs dont have necks or tubercles

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29
Q

Why do ribs 11 and 12 only display a single whole facet

A

because they articulate with corresponding number vertebrae

30
Q

2 types of thoracic aperatures

A

superior and inferior

31
Q

What parts of the thorax are involved in the superior thoracic aperature

A

T1 vertebra
1st pair of ribs
their cartilages
superior border of sternum

32
Q

What parts of the thorax are involved in the inferior thoracic aperature

A

T12 vertebra
ribs 11 and 12
cartilage of ribs 7, 8, 9, 10
xiphisternal joint

33
Q

What two acts is the respiratory cycle composed of

A

Inspiration (inhale) and expiration (exhale)

34
Q

Is inspiration active or passive

A

active (requires muscle)

35
Q

is expiration active or passive

A

passive (tissues recoil)

36
Q

During inspiration is the chest expanding or contracting

A

expanding

37
Q

During expiration if the thorax collapsing or expanding

A

collapsing

38
Q

What happens to the volume and intrathroacic pressure on inspiration

A

volume is increasing, pressure is decreasing

39
Q

what is happening to the volume and intrathoracic pressure during expiration

A

volume is decreasing and pressure is increasing

40
Q

Define Eupnea

A

Normal breathing (12-16 cycles/min)

41
Q

Define Dyspnea

A

aggravated breathing

42
Q

Define Tachypnea

A

accelerated breathing >16 cycles/min

43
Q

Define Bradypnea

A

slowed breathing <12 cycles/min

44
Q

Joints are mostly what type

A

synovial

45
Q

When observing the thorax from lateral what would one notice about the ribs

A

they slope to anterior and inferior direction

46
Q

Where are ribs attached

A

vertebrae and sternum

47
Q

what is the type of movement decribed in joints

A

‘bucket-handle’

48
Q

What do costovertebral joints involve

A

head of rib and body of vetebrae

49
Q

what reinforces the costovertebral joint

A

intra-articular and radiate ligaments

50
Q

What is involved in the costotransverse ligament?

A

tubercle of rib ad the TP of vertebra

51
Q

What ligaments are involved in the costotransverse joint?

A

lateral, medial and superior costotransverse ligaments

52
Q

What does the constochondral joint entail

A

attachment of rib to its own cartilage

53
Q

How is the costochrondral joint reinforced

A

through the periosteum/perichondrium

54
Q

What is involved in the sternocostal joint?

A

attachment of the rib to sternum

55
Q

How is the 1st rib of the sternocostal joint attached to the sterum

A

syncgridrisus

56
Q

How are ribs 2-7 attached to the sternum

A

synovial joints

57
Q

How is the sternocostal joint reinforced

A

anterior and posterior sternocostal ligament

58
Q

Where are interchondral joints?

A

between cartilages of ribs 6, 7, 8, and 9 (10)

59
Q

Is the joint between 9 and 10 fibrous?

A

yes

60
Q

Which joints are sternal joints?

A

manubriosternal and xiphosternal

61
Q

What are some common pathologies of the ribs

A

rib dislocation and rib separation

62
Q

What happens in rib dislocation

A

separation of costal cartilage from sternum

63
Q

what happens in rib separation

A

separation of rib from its cartilage

64
Q

What is the diaphragm attached to

A 
lumbar vertebrae
ribs (7-12)
costal cartilage
distal sternum
xiphoid process
65
Q

What does the median acruate ligament create?

A

an opening to allow passage of the aorta from thoracic into abdominal cavity

66
Q

What is the purpose of the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments

A

allow fibers of psoas major and quadratus lumbordum muscles to reach their proximal attachments to skeleton

67
Q

what is the shape of the central tendon

A

clover leaf

68
Q

is the central tendon contractile?

A

no

69
Q

What runs through the central tendon?

A

opening for inferior vena cava

70
Q

Where is the psoas major located?

A

medial

71
Q

Where is the quadratus lumborum located

A

lateral

Anatomy 1 (5 decks)

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