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Anatomy 1 > Introduction to Anatomy & Intro to Skeleton > Flashcards

Introduction to Anatomy & Intro to Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

How is Anatomy studied

A
  1. Regional: body regions
  2. Systemic: body systems
  3. Clinical: body structure & function with application to medicine
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2
Q

What is the Anatomical Position

A
  • head, eyes, toes forward
  • upper limbs by sides with palms forward
  • lower limbs together with feet directed forward
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3
Q

Describe MEDIAN plane

A

(midsagittal)

divides body in to half (“left and right”)

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4
Q

Describe CORONAL plane

A

(frontal)

divides body in to anterior and posterior

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5
Q

describe TRANSVERSE

A

(horizontal)

divides body into upper and lower parts

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6
Q

What are the two additional planes

A

SAGITTAL- parallel to the medial
(parasagittal)
OBLIQUE- infreq.

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7
Q

What word can be used instead of posterior

A

Dorsal

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8
Q

Dorsum is latin for what

A

back of structure

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9
Q

What word can be used instead of anterior

A

Ventral

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10
Q

Venter is latin for what

A

stomach

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11
Q

Anterior/Posterior plane?

A

Frontal/Coronal

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12
Q

Superior/Inferior plane?

A

Transverse/Horizontal

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13
Q

what does Cranial mean?

A

Towards the head

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14
Q

what does Caudal mean?

A

towards the tail

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15
Q

Medial/ Lateral Plane?

A

Median plane

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16
Q

What does medial mean?

A

closer to the median plane

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17
Q

what does lateral mean?

A

farther from the medial plane

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18
Q

Define proximal.

A

nearer to trunk, or point of origin

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19
Q

Define distal.

A

farther from trunk or point of origin

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20
Q

“Closer to the surface”

A

superficial

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21
Q

“Farther from surface” (deep)

A

profound

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22
Q

Between superficial and deep structure

A

intermediate

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23
Q

Laterus dexter

A

right side

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24
Q

Laterus sinister

A

left side

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25
Q

Ipsilateral

A

occurring on the same side

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26
Q

Contralateral

A

occurring on the opposite side of body

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27
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

A
  1. Protection
  2. Support
  3. Movement
  4. Mineral deposition
  5. Blood element production
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28
Q

Two parts of skeleton

A

Axial and Appendicular

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29
Q

Parts of Axial Skeleton

A

bones of head
spinal column
ribs
sternum

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30
Q

Parts of the Appendicular Skeleton

A

bones of shoulder girdle
bones of the upper limb
bones of the pelvic girdle
bones of the lower limb

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31
Q

What are some features of compact bone

A

lamellae
Volkmanns canals
Haversian Canals

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32
Q

What is included in spongy bone

A

trabeculae

33
Q

How are bones classified

A 
short
long
flat
irregular
sessamoid
34
Q

What are accessory bones

A 
supernumerary bones (Wormian bones within the suture of the skull) 
extra fractured areas "sutral bones"
35
Q

What are “riders bones”

A

heterotropic bones

different location

36
Q

What type of bone would be at an IV spot for users

A

Heterotropic bone

37
Q

What degree do the three anatomical planes intersect

A

90

38
Q

What are some examples of joints that do flexion / extension

A

knee, hip, wrist, shoulder

39
Q

What are some examples of a joint that would do abduction/ adduction

A

shoulder, wrist, hip, metacarpalphalangeal (no thumb)

40
Q

which joints are able to rotate (medially, and laterally)

A

atlanto-axial, hip, shoulder

41
Q

which joints are involved in circumduction

A

hip

shoulder

42
Q

Example of plantar flexion and dorsi flexion

A

of foot at ankle joint

43
Q

Example of pronation and supination

A

of forearm and hand at the radiounlar joint

44
Q

Example of elevation and depression

A

temporomandibular join

45
Q

Example of protrusion and retraction

A

head on temporomandibular joint moving forward and backward

46
Q

example of opposition and reposition

A

thumb

47
Q

Example of inversion and Eversion

A

Intertarsal joint (foot at ankle)

48
Q

What are the parts of a typical long bone

A
  1. diaphysis (shaft)
  2. Epiphysis (ends x2)
  3. epiphysis plate
  4. metaphysis (neck between D and E)
  5. medullary (marrow) cavity
  6. Endosteum (medullary cavity membrane)
  7. Periosteum (outer membrane)
49
Q

What do muslces attaching to bones typically form

A

tubercles, tubers, crests etc

50
Q

What do bones develop from

A

immature embryonic connective tissue

51
Q

Parts of joints require to assemble a joint?

A

articular surfaces

52
Q

What is Mesenchyme

A

embryonic immature tissue

53
Q

What bones does intramembranous ossification take place and when?

A

occurs earlier in develpment, in clavicle, mandible, and bones of the skull cap

54
Q

What happens in endochondral ossification

A

cartilage model of bone is made first and is later transformed into bone. This takes a little longer- up to 25 years

55
Q

Structure of a typical joint (synovial diarthodial)

A 
articular surfaces
articular cartilage
fibrous capsule
synovial lining
joint cavity
synovial liquid
56
Q

Additional structures associated with joints

A

intraarticular discs
menisci
bursae
tendon sheaths

57
Q

Classification of FUNCTIONAL joints

A
  1. synarthodial
  2. amphiarthodial
  3. diarthrodial
58
Q

Classification of STRUCTURAL joints

A
  1. fibrous
  2. cartliaginous
  3. synovial
59
Q

Two classifications of joints

A

functional

structural

60
Q

Example of Fibrous joint

A
  1. sutures
  2. gomphosis
  3. syndemosis
61
Q

What is an example of suture

A

joint between skull bone

62
Q

What is an example of a gomphosis joint

A

tooth & socket

63
Q

what is an exampled of a syndesmosis joint

A

between tibia and fibia

64
Q

What does an osteogenic cell develop into

A

osteoblast

65
Q

What forms bone tissue

A

osteoblast

66
Q

what maintains bone tissue

A

osteocyte

67
Q

What does an osteoclast do?

A

Resorption, the destruction of bone matrix

68
Q

What are the holes in trabeculae for

A

space for red marrow

69
Q

What is the process of intramembranous ossification

A
  1. development of centre of ossification
  2. formation of trabeculae
  3. osteocytes deposit mineral salts
  4. development of periosteum, spongy bone, and compact bone
70
Q

What is the process of endochrondral ossfication

A
  1. development of cartilage model
  2. growth of cartilage model
  3. development of primary ossification centre
  4. development of secondary ossification centre
  5. formation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate
71
Q

What happens in a fracture

A
  1. fracture hematoma
  2. fibrocartilagenous callous formation
  3. bony callus formation
  4. bone remodeling
72
Q

Example of a cartilaginous join

A
  1. primary cartilaginous joint (synchondrosis)

2. secondary cartilagenous joint (symphysis)

73
Q

Example of a primary cartilagenous joint

A

Epiphyseal plates

74
Q

Example of Secondary cartilaginous joints

A

Pubic symphysis

75
Q

Types of a Synovial Joint

A
  1. Uniaxial
  2. Biaxial
  3. Multiaxial
76
Q

Example of a uniaxial joint

A

plane (navicular & 2nd +3rd cuneform)
pivot hinge ( trochea and trochlear notch)
Hinge(Head of radius + radial notch of ulna)

77
Q

Example of a biaxial joint

A

Condyloid (radius, scaphoid, lunate)

Saddle (trapezium of carpus and metacarpal)

78
Q

Example of multiaxial joint

A

ball and socket (head of femur and acetabulum of hip bone)

Anatomy 1 (5 decks)

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