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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What structures pass through the superior thoracic aperture?

A 
Common carotid artery 
Internal jugular vein 
Oesophagus 
Subclavian artery and vein
Trachea 
Apex of lungs
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2
Q

What borders the super aperture of the thoracic cavity?

A

t1
First rib
Superior aspect of manubrium

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3
Q

What is at the vertebral level of T3?

A

Sternum
Jugular notch
Medial aspect of clavicle
spine of scapula meets medial border

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4
Q

What is at the vertebral level of T4/5?

A

Sternal Angle
Bronchial Arteries
Bifurcation of Trachea

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5
Q

What is at the vertebral level of T6/7?

A

Inferior Border of Scapula

T6 for females, T7 for males

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6
Q

Where does the oblique fissure of the right lung start and end?

A

T2 - 6th rib

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7
Q

Where does the horizontal fissure of the right lung start and end

A

Oblique fissure - 4th rib

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8
Q

What is at the vertebral level of T9/10?

A

Xiphisternal Joint

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9
Q

During expiration the summit of the left dome sits at which vertebral level?

A

T10

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10
Q

During expiration the summit of the right dome sits at which vertebral level?

A

T9

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11
Q

During inspiration the summit of the left dome sits at which vertebral level?

A

T12

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12
Q

During inspiration the summit of the right dome sits at which vertebral level?

A

T11

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13
Q

The summit of the left dome is at which intercostal space?

A

5th intercostal space

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14
Q

The summit of the right dome is at which intercostal space?

A

4th intercostal space

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15
Q

What are the blood vessels of the thoracic wall?

A

Internal thoracic arteries
Anterior intercostal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries

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16
Q

What percentage of the intercostal space is covered by the posterior intercostal arteries (L&R)

A

75%

17
Q

What is the origin of the posterior intercostal arteries?

A

aorta

18
Q

What are the names of the thoracic veins in the thoracic wall?

A 
internal thoracic vein
anterior intercostal vein
posterior intercostal vein
azygos vein
hemiazygos vein
accessory hemiazygos vein
19
Q

What intercostal spaces does the accessory hemiazygos vein drain?

A

4th to 8th

20
Q

What intercostal spaces does the hemiazygos vein drain?

A

9th to 11th

21
Q

How does the Azygos Vein run along the vertebral and what does it drain?

A

the right sided tributry veins of the left side drain into the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins

22
Q

define the body of the breast?

A

the base of the breast and apex

23
Q

What is the exillary tail?

A

extension of the base towards and into axilla; formed by glandular tissue

24
Q

What is the retromammary space?

A

loose connective tissue between breast and deep pectoral fascia

25
Q

What is each lobe drained by?

A

lactiferous duct

26
Q

What does each lobe contain?

A

numerous lobules, branches and sub-branches of a major lactiferous duct

27
Q

What is each lobe separated by?

A

Adipose tissue

28
Q

What are the structures contained in the mammary glands?

A

Alveoli of lobules, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinuses

29
Q

What are the the suspensory ligaments of the female breast?

A

Fibrous CT bands attaching between skin and deep fascia of pectoralis major

30
Q

Where are the suspensory ligaments more dense?

A

Superior

31
Q

What three structures does the thoracic diaphragm consist of?

A

Left and right domes and the central tendon

32
Q

What things can cause variation in the levels in the summit levels of the left and right domes? (diaphragm)

A

Respiration, body fluid, posture, age, abdominal contents and pregnancy

33
Q

What is the right crus of the diaphragm?

A

L1-L3, oesphageal

34
Q

Where is the left Crus of the diaphragm?

A

L1-L2

35
Q

What are the major openings of thoracic diaphragm where are they located, and which nerves/structures pass through?

A

Caval foramen -T8/9- branches of phrenic nerves
oesphageal hiatus- T10- vagus nerves
Aortic hiatus- T/12- thoracic duct, inferior lymphatic trunks, azygos & hemiazygos

36
Q

What is responsible for the innervation of thoracic diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerves

intercostal nerves

Anatomy (7 decks)

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