Thorax Flashcards
What structures pass through the superior thoracic aperture?
Common carotid artery Internal jugular vein Oesophagus Subclavian artery and vein Trachea Apex of lungs
What borders the super aperture of the thoracic cavity?
t1
First rib
Superior aspect of manubrium
What is at the vertebral level of T3?
Sternum
Jugular notch
Medial aspect of clavicle
spine of scapula meets medial border
What is at the vertebral level of T4/5?
Sternal Angle
Bronchial Arteries
Bifurcation of Trachea
What is at the vertebral level of T6/7?
Inferior Border of Scapula
T6 for females, T7 for males
Where does the oblique fissure of the right lung start and end?
T2 - 6th rib
Where does the horizontal fissure of the right lung start and end
Oblique fissure - 4th rib
What is at the vertebral level of T9/10?
Xiphisternal Joint
During expiration the summit of the left dome sits at which vertebral level?
T10
During expiration the summit of the right dome sits at which vertebral level?
T9
During inspiration the summit of the left dome sits at which vertebral level?
T12
During inspiration the summit of the right dome sits at which vertebral level?
T11
The summit of the left dome is at which intercostal space?
5th intercostal space
The summit of the right dome is at which intercostal space?
4th intercostal space
What are the blood vessels of the thoracic wall?
Internal thoracic arteries
Anterior intercostal arteries
Posterior intercostal arteries
What percentage of the intercostal space is covered by the posterior intercostal arteries (L&R)
75%
What is the origin of the posterior intercostal arteries?
aorta
What are the names of the thoracic veins in the thoracic wall?
internal thoracic vein anterior intercostal vein posterior intercostal vein azygos vein hemiazygos vein accessory hemiazygos vein
What intercostal spaces does the accessory hemiazygos vein drain?
4th to 8th
What intercostal spaces does the hemiazygos vein drain?
9th to 11th
How does the Azygos Vein run along the vertebral and what does it drain?
the right sided tributry veins of the left side drain into the hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos veins
define the body of the breast?
the base of the breast and apex
What is the exillary tail?
extension of the base towards and into axilla; formed by glandular tissue
What is the retromammary space?
loose connective tissue between breast and deep pectoral fascia
What is each lobe drained by?
lactiferous duct
What does each lobe contain?
numerous lobules, branches and sub-branches of a major lactiferous duct
What is each lobe separated by?
Adipose tissue
What are the structures contained in the mammary glands?
Alveoli of lobules, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinuses
What are the the suspensory ligaments of the female breast?
Fibrous CT bands attaching between skin and deep fascia of pectoralis major
Where are the suspensory ligaments more dense?
Superior
What three structures does the thoracic diaphragm consist of?
Left and right domes and the central tendon
What things can cause variation in the levels in the summit levels of the left and right domes? (diaphragm)
Respiration, body fluid, posture, age, abdominal contents and pregnancy
What is the right crus of the diaphragm?
L1-L3, oesphageal
Where is the left Crus of the diaphragm?
L1-L2
What are the major openings of thoracic diaphragm where are they located, and which nerves/structures pass through?
Caval foramen -T8/9- branches of phrenic nerves
oesphageal hiatus- T10- vagus nerves
Aortic hiatus- T/12- thoracic duct, inferior lymphatic trunks, azygos & hemiazygos
What is responsible for the innervation of thoracic diaphragm?
Phrenic nerves
intercostal nerves
