Abdominal Wall & inguinal canal Flashcards
What is the abdominal cavity bounded by?
Superior: Thoracic diaphragm
Inferior: Pelvic Brim & superior pelvic aperture
What are the structures of the abdominal wall?
Skin & Fascia Skeletal Structures Muscles of the anterior wall Muscles of the posterior wall Transversalis fascia Extraperitoneal fat Parietal peritoneum
What are the skeletal structures of the abdominal wall?
Thoracic cage
Hip bones
Pelvic brim/superior pelvic aperture of lesser or true pelvis
lumbar vertebrae
What are the anterior muscles of the abdominal wall?
Rectus Abdominis x 2
What are the anterolateral muscles of the abdominal wall?
- External obliquus abdominis x 2
- Internal obliquus abdominis x 2
- Transversus abdominis x 2
why is the inguinal ligament an important plane of reference?
It separates the pelvic abdominal region from the leg
what is the most inferior point of the abdomen?
The inguinal ligament
What is the role of rectus abdominis?
Flexion and postural
tendinous intersections-where are they located?
They are located on the Rectus Abdominis and are apart of the Retus Sheath.
What is the opening of the transversus abdominis called?
The Deep Inguinal Ring
What are the supportive structures of the Abdominal wall?
- Inguinal Ligament
- Transversespinalis Fascia
- Extraperitoneal Fat
- perietal peritoneum
What are the features of the male inguinal Canal?
4-5cm long
- extends through anterolateral muscles of abdominal wall
- contains a spermatic cord
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
Interformedial opening in aponeurosis of external obliquus abdominis.
- Triangle shaped
What is the length of Female Inguinal Canal?
Shorter than male
What are the contents of the Female Inguinal Canal?
round ligament of uterus, fat pad, blood vessels & nerves
What is an inguinal Hernia?
Protrusion of a peritoneal sac, with or without abdominal contents. Through a weakened part of abdominal wall of inguinal region.
Name the two types of Inguinal hernias?
1) Direct= through posterior wall of inguinal canal
2) indirect= through deep inguinal ring
Describe the features of an indirect inguinal Hernia?
- Through deep inguinal ring
- 66-75% incidence
- transverses entire inguinal canal
- exits through superficial inguinal ring inside spermatic cord
- commonly enters scrotum
Describe the features of a direct inguinal Hernia?
- Through peritoneum and transversallis fascia in posterior wall of inguinal canal
- does not use deep inguinal ring
- 25-33% incidence
- only transverses medial 1/3 of inguinal canal
- rarely enters scrotum
What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?
- Psoas major x 2
- Iliacus x 2
- lliopsoas x 2
- Quadratus lumborum x 2
What are the palpable structures of the abdomen?
Xihoid process, costal margin, linea alba, semilunar line, rectus abdominis muscle, umbillicus, lliac crest anterior superior lliac spine, inguinal ligament, pubic tubercis, public sumphysis, pubic crest
What are the nine regions of the Abdominal Cavity divided by?
- Two horizontal planes
- Two vertical planes
What are the names of the horizontal planes?
Subcostal plane
transpyloric plane
transtubercular plane
What are the vertical planes called?
Midclavicular planes x 2