Thorax 5

Question 1

How many lobes are in each lung?
Name them?

Answer 1

Right lung:
- 3 lobes
- superior, middle, inferior

Left lung:
-2 lobes
- Superior and inferior

Question 2

Structure that separate lungs on each side

Answer 2

Right:
- Horizontal fissure (superior and middle lobe)
-oblique fissure (middle and inferior lobe)

Left:
oblique fissure

Question 3

What is the pleura

Answer 3

2 continuous membranes that make up the pleural sac

Surrounds each lung

Question 4

What is the pleural cavity

Answer 4

space between the pleura and pulmonary cavity

Question 5

Name the different components of the pleura and where they are found?

Answer 5

Parietal pleura - lines the cage
Visceral pleura - shiny surface on lung

*continuous with each other

Question 6

position of structures entering/exiting the lung

Answer 6

pulm arteries - high
pulm veins - low
bronchii - posterior

Question 7

structures associated with left lung

Answer 7

Left pulm artery
Left primary bronchus
Left pulm vein
pulmonary ligament

Question 8

Grooves/impressions in left lung

Answer 8

Groove for arch of aorta
Groove for descending aorta
Subclavian artery impression
Cardiac impression

Question 9

Structures associated with right lung

Answer 9

Right pulm artery
Right secondary bronchus
Right pulmonary vein
pulmonary ligament

Question 10

Grooves/impressions in right lung

Answer 10

Groove for SVC
Groove for azygos vein
cardiac impression

Question 11

Function of diaphragm and intercostal muscles during inspiration

Answer 11

Diaphragm:
- contracts and drops
- increase vertical dimension

Intercostal muscles:
- Contracts
- Sternum and ribs lift
- increase anterior-posterior dimension

Question 12

In general what occurs during inspiration

Answer 12

intrathoracic pressure drops
air flows into lungs

Question 13

Structures involved in the superior aspect of the diaphragm

Answer 13

• peripheral muscular portion
• central tendinous portions
  passages for IVC, esophagus, aorta

Question 14

Structures involved in the inferior aspect of the diaphragm and location

Answer 14

Caval opening (IVC opening, tendinous portion)

Esophageal hiatus (muscular portion, esophagus)

Aortic hiatus (aortic opening, posterior to diaphragm)

Question 15

Specific location and veins/nerves associated with diaphragm

Answer 15

Caval opening:
-T8 vertebrae, IVC, right phrenic nerve

Esophageal hiatus:
- T10
- Esophagus
- Vagal trunks (R and L vagus nerves come together)

Aortic hiatus:
- T12
- Descending aorta
- thoracic duct
-azygos vein

Question 16

Blood supply on superior surface of diaphragm

Answer 16

Internal thoracic artery (arises from subclavian):
- branches into musculophrenic artery, pericardiacophrenic artery

Thoracic aorta:
- superior phrenic artery

Question 17

Blood supply on inferior surface of diaphragm

Answer 17

abdominal aorta –> inferior phrenic nerves

Question 18

Pericardium blood supply

Answer 18

Pericardiacophrenic artery

musculophrenic artery

Thoracic aorta branches: Bronical, esophageal, superior phrenic

Coronary arteries (Visceral pericardium)