Thorax 1-3 Flashcards
Contained in the bony cage
vertebrae (T1-T12)
Intervertebral discs
Ribs
Costal cartilage
Sternum
Contained in intercostal spaces
intercostal muscles
intercostal veins/arteries/nerves
Parts of the sternum
Manubrium
*Sternal angle
body of sternum (T5-T9)
Xiphoid process
Superior thoracic aperture
Access to head/neck; upper limbs
bounded by: 1 thoracic vertebra, 1 pair of ribs, manubrium
Inferior thoracic aperture
Access to abdomen
Bounded by: T12, ribs 11 and 12, costal margin, xiphosternal joint, diaphragm
Name the mediastinums (What do they contain)
Superior
Inferior (Anterior, middle, posterior)
Structures at the sternal angle (between superior and inferior mediastinum)
Great vessels of the heart
- SVC
-Aorta
Pulmonary trunk
Structures that make up the SVC
internal jugular and subclavian veins –>
right and left brachiocephalic veins –>
SVC
SVC receives blood from ….
Head/neck/upper limbs
Parts of the aorta
Ascending aorta
arch of aorta
Descending aorta
Structures branching from aorta
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
What structure branch from the brachiocephalic trunk
right subclavian artery
right common carotid artery
Location of trachea bifurcation
sternal angle
Structures in the middle (inferior) mediastinum
Heart
Pericardium
Roots of great vessels
Chambers of the heart
Right/left atrium (receiving chambers)
Right/left ventricles (Discharging chambers)
Function of pericardium
name the 2 layers
Covers heart and roots of great vessels
fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium (Parietal and visceral)
Fibrous pericardium location
outermost layer covering heart
Location of serous pericardium (parietal and visceral layer)
parietal - second most outer layer around heart
Visceral - third layer, most internal layer
Structure in the middle (inferior) mediastinum
SVC
Ascending aorta
pulmonary trunk
Structures involved with pulmonary system
pulm veins
pulm arteries
Location of AV groove
Between the atria and ventricles
Location of interventricular groove
between right and left ventricle
Structure in the AV and IV grooves
coronary vessels (arteries and veins)
embedded in fat
covered in visceral pericardium
What are the auricles of the heart
right and left auricles - “extension” of the atria
Structures under the auricles
coronary arteries from ascending aorta
name arteries originating from ascending aorta
Right coronary artery
Left coronary artery
Structures arising from left coronary artery
Circumflex artery
Anterior interventricular artery
What structures travel in the IV groove
Anterior interventricular artery
Posterior interventricular artery
Structures arising from right coronary artery
Sinoatrial nodal artery
Marginal artery
Structure in the AV groove
Sinoatrial nodal artery
Right coronary artery
Name the coronary veins
Anterior cardiac veins
coronary sinus
location of coronary sinus
In AV groove on posterior heart
Location of Anterior cardiac veins
arise from right auricle
jump over AV groove
Types of heart valves
atrioventricular
aortic and pulmonary
features of the AV valve
Right AV valve: tricuspid
left AV valve: bicuspid (mitral)
structure in AV valves
Cusps
Tendinous cords
papillary muscles
features of aortic and pulmonary valves
Semilunar
in pulmonary aorta and trunk
prevents blood flowing back into ventricles
Features/structures of right atrium
Interatrial septum - wall between atria
Opening of IVC and SVC
Fossa ovalis - indent in heart, fetal blood travels through placenta
Opening of coronary sinus
right atrioventricular orfice - between atria and ventricle
smooth muscle
valves in right ventricle
Right AV (tricuspid) valve
pulmonary (semilunar) valve
Features of left atrium
smooth and rough walled
left auricle
pulmonary veins
left atrioventrucular orifice
Valves of left ventricle
Left AV valve (bicuspid/mitral)
Aortic valve
