Thorax

Question 1

which heart chamber lies on closest to the esophagus

Answer 1

left atrium (mitral valve)

Question 2

radiograph right border of heart (my left)

Answer 2

superior vena cava, right atrium, inferior vena cava.

Question 3

left border of radiograph of heart

Answer 3

aortic arch, left pulmonary vein, left auricle, left ventricle and apex (inferolaterally)

Question 4

three constrictions of the esophagus in the thorax

Answer 4

1) aortic arch
2) left principle bronchus
3) diaphragm

Question 5

Structures anterior to trachea

Answer 5

ASLPB
aortic arch
superior vena cava
left bracheocephalic vein
pulmonary trunk
bracheocephalic trunk (of aorta)

Question 6

what is the arterial supply to the esophagus

Answer 6

esophageal branches of thoracic aorta

left gastric

Question 7

what is the distribution of posterior IC arteries

Answer 7

first 2 from supreme thoracic, costocervical trunk from subclavian
last 9 from thoracic aorta

Question 8

what is the distribution of anterior IC arteries

Answer 8

first 5 or 6 from internal thoracic (branch from subclavian)

division of internal thoracic results in musculophrenic and superior epigastric, so 4-5 from the musculophrenic

Question 9

Posterior IC veins drain into

Answer 9

hemi-azygos

azygos

Question 10

Mediastinal veins, and drainage

Answer 10

diaphragm, pericardium, esophagus, main bronchi

into accessory hemiazygos (sometimes has connections with left bracheocephalic)

Question 11

thoracic duct

Answer 11

begins at abdomen at the cisterna chyli, ascends posterior mediastinum posterior to esophagus, crosses over to the left median plane at T5-T6,

Question 12

what does the thoracic duct drain

Answer 12

lymph from everywhere but superior right quadrant (not right upper limb, right thorax, head or neck)

Question 13

where does the thoracic duct run into?

Answer 13

near internal jugular and subclavian, left venous angle

Question 14

what does the azygos vein drain

Answer 14

posterior walls of thorax and abdomen and back, vertebra, and vertebral canals

Question 15

what does the hemiazygos drain

Answer 15

inferior 3 posterior veins, inferior esophagus, small mediastinal

Question 16

what drains into the accessory hemiazygos

Answer 16

tributaries from veins in 4th-8th intercostal spaces, sometimes left bronchial vein

Question 17

boundaries, blood supply, and innervation of breast

Answer 17

midaxillary line and lateral to the sternum
supraclavicular nerve
ant. cutaneous nerve 2-7
lateral cutaneous nerve 3-7
lateral mammary artery (lateral thoracic from axillary)
medial mammary (internal thoracic)
lateral mammary from poster intercostal (thoracic aorta)

Question 18

lymphatic drainage of breasts

Answer 18

75% from axillary (1-pectoral, 2-central, 3-apical)
20% parasternal around internal thoracic
5% abdomen or opposite side

Question 19

jugular notch

Answer 19

T2, top part of manubrium, trachea palpable

Question 20

nipple

Answer 20

t4 dermatome

Question 21

xiphoid process

Answer 21

the anterior attachment point of the diaphragm

Question 22

innermost intercostal muscles

Answer 22

run from midclavicular line and the sternal angle

Question 23

transversus thoracis

Answer 23

posterior surface of lower sternum