ICM

Question 1

know what about PMI

Answer 1

locations, size of impulse, intensity and duration

Question 2

downward, left, enlarged impulse

Answer 2

LV hypertrophy or cardiomeglia

Question 3

sustained PMI

Answer 3

LV overload, aortic stenosis

Question 4

larger than quarter, down and left

Answer 4

CHF

Question 5

jugular vein pressure

Answer 5

right heart pressure. central venous pressure. most useful diagnosis for CHF.

Question 6

low JVP

Answer 6

shock

Question 7

high jvp

Answer 7

CHF

Question 8

normal ranges, ranges of JVP

Answer 8

at 45 degrees, should be at sternal angle (5cm above right atrium)
upper limit for normal is 9 cm (4 above sternal angle)
7cm (2 cm above sternal angle can be seen)
highest is 30 cm (25cm above sternal angle)

Question 9

anemia and cynanosis

Answer 9

need less than 85% SaO2 to appear cyanosis if you are anemic. dependent on hemoglobin levels. normal people have about 12g/dL of hemoglobin, you need to have 5g/dL of this to appear cyantotic. for anemic people, they only have 8 g/dL of hemoglobin, so they will need a greater portion of deoxygenated blood to appear cyanotic

Question 10

systolic ejection

Answer 10

louder and softer from S1 to S2, aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis

Question 11

pansystolic

Answer 11

mitral or tricuspid regurgitation, constant through s1 s2

Question 12

tricuspid

Answer 12

left, lower sternal border. 4th/5th IC space

Question 13

mitral auscultation

Answer 13

apex area

Question 14

PMI

Answer 14

point of maximum impulse, left ventricle apex hits thoracic wall