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Clinical Anatomy > Thorax 3 > Flashcards

Thorax 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pericardium?
Give 2 functions of the pericardium

A

Pericardium is a fibro-serous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels

Functions to;
Restrict excessive movements of the heart as a whole
Serve as a lubricated container in which the different parts of the heart can contract

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2
Q

label what u can

A

at the top is tunica adventitia

Parietal and visceral
Pericardial cavity
Contains pericardial fluid (lubricant)

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3
Q

Give the 3 attachments of the fibrous pericardium

A

Firmly attached below to the central tendon of the diaphragm
Fuses with tunica adventitia of great blood vessels that pass through it
Attached in front to sternum by sternopericardial ligaments

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4
Q

How does the heart appear in-situ?

A

Both atria are mainly located posteriorly

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5
Q

Give the 3 sources of blood to the RA

A

SVC
IVC
The coronary sinus is the major venous tributary of the greater cardiac venous system; it is responsible for draining most of the deoxygenated blood leaving the myocardium.

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6
Q

name what u can and their function

A
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7
Q

what si the crista terminalis

A

Ridge on inside between atrium and right
auricle
- From SVC to IVC
- Posterior to the wall is smooth

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8
Q

what is Musculi pectinati

A
  • Anterior to crista
    terminalis the walls are
    roughened by bundles of
    muscle fibres
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9
Q

what is Fossa ovale

A
  • Marks location of
    embryonic foramen ovale,
    which allowed blood to
    bypass the lungs in fetal
    circulation
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10
Q

label what u can, and what is being shown?

A

right ventricle

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11
Q

the right atrium –> right ventricle = what valves?

right ventricle –> pulmonary trunk = what valve?

A

tricuspid, atrioventricular valve

pulmonary valve, 3 semilunar cusps

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12
Q

label what u can and note their function

A
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13
Q

what is the Trabeculae carnae

A
  • muscular, irregular structures
  • A few trabeculae carnae are known
    as papillary muscles
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14
Q

Importance of papillary muscles

A

When the ventricle contracts, papillary muscles contract, preventing the cusps from turning inside out into the atrium as intra-ventricular pressure rises
In left and right ventricle

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15
Q

key difference between left and right atrium?

A

no christa terminalis

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16
Q

label what u can, and what is shown?

A

left atrium

17
Q

left atrium –> left ventricle = what valve?

A

mitral valve, bicuspid valve

18
Q

Supply of coronary arteries

A

As blood recoils after ventricular contraction, and fills the aortic sinuses formed by the cusps, it is forced into coronary arteries

19
Q

what are the 3 aortic branches

A

BCS
braciocephallic - right subclavian then right cc

left cc
left subcalvian

20
Q

how does the pulmponary trunk arise?

what does pulmonary trunk divide into?

A

Arises slightly anterior to aortic orifice

Divides into left and right
* Left: inferior to aortic arch
* Right: posterior to ascending aorta and SVC

21
Q

Where does IVC pass through the diaphragm?

A

T8

22
Q

what is Heart murmur

Where do we place the stethoscope when we want to listen to heart sounds?

what are the 4 auscultation points?

A

Turbulent bloodflow

Downstream of blood flow

23
Q

what are the layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium: inner most layer. Lines Cavities and heart valves

Myocardium: composed of cardiac muscle and responsible for contraction of the heart

Epicardium: outermost layer of the heart, formed by the visceral layer of the serous pericardium. It is composed of connective tissue and fat

24
Q

Structure of endocardium
2 functions of endocardium

A

*Structurally, the endocardium is comprised of loose connective tissue and simple squamous epithelial tissue
*Similar in its composition to the tunica intima which lines the inside of blood vessels

In addition to lining the inside of the heart, the endocardium also regulates contractions and aids cardiac embryological development

25
Q

Subendocardial tissue

A

*Deep to the endocardium is the subendocardial tissue, which contains loose vascularized connective tissue

*Subendocardial tissue also contains nerves as well as Purkinje fibres

26
Q

label what u can and what is shown?

A

myocardium

*This layer is highly vascularized and the cardiomyocytes contain glycogen granules as an additional energy source

27
Q

Connection of cardiomyocytes

A

Cardiomyocytes are connected by intercalated discs, forming a cardiac syncytium to enable transmission of electrical impulses through the network and coordinate contraction of the myocardium

28
Q

what is Epicardium

A

*The pericardium is a fibrous double layered connective sheath that encases the heart within the mediastinum
*The visceral portion of the serous pericardium (that is in contact with the heart) is called the epicardium
*It is a mesothelium derivative that is rich in adipocytes and neurovascular tissue

29
Q

label what u can

A
30
Q

label what u can

A
31
Q

Right coronary artery

A

*Arises from aorta and runs forward between pulmonary trunk and right auricle
*Descends almost vertically in the right atrioventricular groove
*At inferior border continues posteriorly to anastamose with left coronary artery
*Offers a marginal branch and a posterior interventricular branch

32
Q

left coronary artery

A

 Usually larger than right
 Arises from aorta and passes
forward between the
pulmonary trunk and left
auricle
 Then enters atrio-ventricular
groove and divides into
anterior inter-ventricular
branch and a circumflex branch

33
Q

label and what is the coronary sinus?

A

The coronary sinus is the major venous tributary of the greater cardiac venous system; it is responsible for draining most of the deoxygenated blood leaving the myocardium MAGS

34
Q

Posterior interventricular artery

A

Sometimes comes from left
Clinical consequences as blockage of right or left will have different effects

35
Q

what are the tributaries of the coronary sinus?

which tributary does not enter the coronary sinus?

A
  • Great, middle, small and posterior cardiac veins
  • Anterior cardiac veins are very small, draining only the anterior portion of the
    right ventricle

Anterior cardiac veins are very small, draining only the anterior portion of the right ventricle

36
Q
A
37
Q

where is Valve of coronary sinus

A

Medial to IVC in RA

38
Q

Atrioventricular groove

A

where the right coronary artery runs - between right auricle and pulmonary trunk

between atrium and ventricle

39
Q

Interventricular groove

A

Anterior and posterior interventricular arteries

between left and right ventricle

Clinical Anatomy (22 decks)

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