Head & Neck 1 Flashcards
label the parts of the external and internal nose
what are the 3 bony components to the external nose?
nasal bones
maxillary bones
frontal bone
what are the cartilaginous components of the external nose
major ala cartilages (n=2)
minor ala cartilages
lateral nasal cartilages (n=2)
septal cartilage x4
what are the regions of the nasal cavity?
Vestibule of the nasal cavity
* Consists of coarse hair (vibrissae)
Respiratory region of the nasal cavity
* Walls of nasal cavity humidify
inhaled air
Olfactory region of the nasal cavity
* Allows smell (olfaction)
what are the nerves that innervate the olfactory bulb
CN1 (olfcatory nerve) for olfaction (smell/special sense)
CN6 (opthalmic) and CN7 (maxillary) of the trigeminal (CN5) for general sensory innervation
what makes the medial wall of the nasal cavity? (nasal septum)
- Septal cartilage (anteriorly)
- Perpendicular plate of ethmoid (superiorly and posteriorly)
- Vomer (inferior and posterior)
label this saggital section of the medial wall of nasal cavity
what causes occlusion of one of the two nasal chambers (partial/complete) leading to difficulty breathing and treatment?
Deviated Septum
septum is displaced to a side
Septoplasty
what are the 2 main divisions of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
3 nasal conchae/ turbinates and 3 nasal meati
What are the bony shell shaped structures within the nasal cavity called?
What is their function?
What covers them?
concha
superior and middle are bony projections from ethmoid bone
Superior, middle and inferior concha/ turbinates
Function: Will warm up and humidify the air and trap foreign particles
Covered by a mucus membrane
difference between 3 nasal cochae and label them
Superior nasal concha
*Bony projection from ethmoid bone
Middle nasal concha
*Bony projection from ethmoid bone
Inferior nasal concha
*Independent bone
label
outer dark purple is inferior nasal conchi
middle blue is middle nasal conchi
inner light purple is the superiro nasal conchi
label the nasal meati
posterior nare (choanae) of nasal cavity
What is the vertical and horizontal plane of th ethmoid bone?
What does the horizontal plane form?
What does the vertical plane contain?
Vertical = Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
Contains foramina which allows olfactory nerves to pass through
Horizontal = Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Forms the nasal septum
Ethmoid bone also makes up the superior and middle conchae
What is the opening and exit of the nasal cavity called?
Opening = nasal recess
Exit = Nasal choanae
Function of turbinates
-Warm up and humidify the air as it passes through the nose
-Create a turbulence effect and trap foreign particles
-Covered by mucus membranes
what is the arterial blood supply of the nasal cavity
there is a few. original branch is common carotid
branches from internal carotid arteries are:
* Anterior ethmoidal artery
* Posterior ethmoidal artery
branches from external carotid arteries:
* Greater palatine artery
* Sphenopalatine artery
* Superior labial artery
* Lateral nasal artery
great palestine sees suffering lately
what is epistaxis (nose bleed)
2 forms:
- anterior: from kiesselbachs plexus (enastamoses between arteries), most common
- posterior: from woodruffs plexus
What are the paranasal sinuses?
What is their function?
air filled cavities
frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary
Lighten skull
Vocal resonance
Cleans out air
Shock absorption
Contains pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells
where is the frontal paranasal sinus?
location of ostium (opening)
- Paired
- Located within the frontal bone
- Flattened triangular shape
- Typically, asymmetrical
ostium = middle meatus
location of maxillary sinus
in teh maxilla
what si maxillary sinusitis
inflammation of maxillary sinus
Why are the maxillary sinuses more prone
to infection?
- Its ostium is located at the superior part of the sinus
- Ostium lies at an obtuse angle toward the nasal roofàdifficult to be emptied in the erect position