MSK - Lower Limb 1 Flashcards
What makes up the pelvic girdle? where do they insert
ilium, ischium, pubis
acetabullum
label everything - must know
What is the cartilage which fuses the hip bone together?
triradiate ligament (Y shaped) which fuses ilium, ischium and pubis
What is the linea terminalis? and label everything
division of false and true pelvis
What is the obturator foramen? What does it turn into?
What travels through the obturator canal?
allows for structure to pass down from the abdominal into lower limbs - obtruator internus
- becomes covered by the obturator membrane to form the obturator canal
obturator artery, vein and nerve
What is the obturator membrane an attachment point for?
obturator externus and obturator internus
what passes through the greater sciatic foramina - NERVE ?
What communication does the greater sciatic foramen allow for?
piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve (clin rel to compression of nerve: sciatica)
gluteal region communicate with the pelvis
label femur - must know
What communication does the lesser sciatic foramen allow for?
gluteal region communicate with the perineum
label the ligaments
What does the sacrospinous ligament connect?
What does the sacrotuberous ligament do?
sacrum to ischial spine
serves as an attachment for the gluteus maximus and prevents forward rotation of the sacrum
How does the head of the femur attach to the pelvis?
acetabulum which has an acetabular labrum that deepens the socket allowing for more of the head to interact
What are the features of the acetabulum joint?
what is transverse acetabular ligament
- has an acetabular fossa
- has an acetabular labrum (deepens the socket)
- lunate surface
- transverse acetabular ligament which allows for an acetabular foramen to be formed within the obturator foramen
What are the 3 ligaments that the hip joint is supported by?
iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral (wrap around the head of the femur and extend to the leg)
What are the actions that the leg can do?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumflexion all together
- internal rotation and external rotation
ALL WITH THE HIP JOINT FIXED
What are the structures at the distal end of the femur? label
no trochanters, only chondyles
label
What type of bone is the patella?
sesamoid
label tibia
What is the knee joint?
modified hinge joint which allows for little movement
What are the structures which hold the knee joint in place?
- anterior and posterior cruciate ligament
- lateral and medial meniscus (fibrocartilage)
- fibular collateral ligament (lateral)
- tibial collateral ligament (medial)
- patellar ligament
What do the cruciate ligaments do? damage?
anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments which from a criss cross shape allowing control over movement
anterior or posterior damage means tibia sags in taht direction
What do the meniscus do?
act as shock absorber
What is the difference in the knee joint when bent (flexion) or straight (extension)?
- straight (extension) allows for knees to be in locked position as flat surface of femur is sitting in the meniscus so all the force travels down = flat part of patella in miniscus
- bent knees (flexion) allows for the round part of the femur to be in the meniscus = less space for movement = round part of femur in miniscus
What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?
anterior, medial, posterior (and gluteal but not really a compartment so considered as lateral)
What are the components of the anterior thigh?
- hip flexors ad knee extensors
- quadriceps
- pectineus - sometimes part of medial
- iliopsoas made of the psoas major and iliacus
- sartorius - long muscle, flexes knee n hip
- psoas minor
I SAW A PRETTY QUeEN
What makes up the quadriceps? anterior thigh
which one crosses hip joint
where do they all insert
- rectus femoris - only 1 that crosses hip joint
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
MILF
insert at pattella tendon to form patellar ligament
whats the longest muscle in body?
sartorius and is in anterior thigh
What is the main role of the pectineus?
adduction
What is the innervation of the psoas major?
forms illiopsoas and inserts at lesser trochanter
anterior rami of L1-L3 because the muscle starts at the lumbar vertebrae
Where does the sartorius muscle travel?
What is the function of the sartorius?
longest muscle which travels from ASIS to front of the thigh inserting into the medial side of the tibia (semitendonous attatavhment)
the sartorius?
flex the hip and abduct
Which is only muscle which crosses the hip joint?
rectus femoris
What are the contents of the medial compartment of the thigh?
what are they all innervated by
- adductor group
- obturator nerve
- adductor longus, brevis and magus (order is MBL lateral to medial)
- gracilis
- obturator externus (runs along the obturator membrane)
GOA
ALL INNERVATED BY OBTRUATOR NERVE, APART FROM HAMSTRING = SCIATIC NERVE * i think
Where does the gracilus and sartorius attach?
at semitendinous
Where do the adduct muscles and obturator externus attach to?
- adductor brevis, longus and obturator externus attach to the superior pubic rami
- adductor magus attach to the inferior pubic rami
What is the adductor canal?
a canal from the apex of the femoral triangle to adductor hiatus
What is the contents of the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal (lymph)
What is the division of the arteries going through the femoral triangle?
femoral artery => superficial and deep artery of thigh => deep gives of the medial circumflex artery and the lateral => lateral circumflex artery will split again to form the ascending, transverse and descending branches
what goes through adductor hiatus ?
popliteal artery (becomes this from femoral artery)
where does femoral triangle end?
adductor canal
what si the main artery of the thigh?
deep
boundaries and contents of femoral triangle
what does great saphenous vein do
from the side of the foot through the saphenous opening which is through the deep fascia of the thigh and then enters the femoral vein
What separates the adductor magnus into the hamstring part andthe adductor part?
adductor hiatus
if someone cuts femoral triangle, what is most superficial
femoral artery is more superficial which is dangerous with a lacerating damage = big damage
What is the gluteal compartment made of?
superficial and deep layer
What are the contents of the superficial layer of gluteal compartment?
gluteus maximus, medius and minimus & tensor fasciae latae
MMS
What are the movements of the superficial layer of the gluteal compartment?
extend, abduct, medially rotate thigh
What are the contents of the deep layer of gluteal compartment?
- piriformis
- quadratus femoris
- obturator internis
- superior and inferior gemelli
label
part of superficial layer of gluteal compartment
What is the function of the deep layer of the gluteal compartment?
- lateral rotator
- stabilise hip joint
Where does the gluteus maximus insert?
iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
Where does the gluteal medius and minimus insert?
into the greater trochanter of femur
What does the tensor fascia latae do?
thickening of the fascia helping with gluteus maximus
- pushing the muscle together will squeeze the veins either side and allow for the blood to travel against gravity easier
What is in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
The hamstrings
Extend the thigh, flex the knee
Common origin: ischial tuberosity
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
What is the common origin for the contents of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
ischial tuberosity
What is the fxn of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
extend the thigh, flex the knee
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?
femoral nerve
What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?
obturator nerve
label
What nerve supplies the gluteus minimus and medius?
superior gluteal artery and nerve
What major nerves run through the gluteal compartment?
inferior gluteal, pudendal, sciatic
