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Clinical Anatomy > MSK - Lower Limb 1 > Flashcards

MSK - Lower Limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the pelvic girdle? where do they insert

A

ilium, ischium, pubis
acetabullum

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2
Q

label everything - must know

A
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3
Q

What is the cartilage which fuses the hip bone together?

A

triradiate ligament (Y shaped) which fuses ilium, ischium and pubis

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4
Q

What is the linea terminalis? and label everything

A

division of false and true pelvis

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5
Q

What is the obturator foramen? What does it turn into?

What travels through the obturator canal?

A

allows for structure to pass down from the abdominal into lower limbs - obtruator internus
- becomes covered by the obturator membrane to form the obturator canal

obturator artery, vein and nerve

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6
Q

What is the obturator membrane an attachment point for?

A

obturator externus and obturator internus

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7
Q

what passes through the greater sciatic foramina - NERVE ?
What communication does the greater sciatic foramen allow for?

A

piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve (clin rel to compression of nerve: sciatica)

gluteal region communicate with the pelvis

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8
Q

label femur - must know

A
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9
Q

What communication does the lesser sciatic foramen allow for?

A

gluteal region communicate with the perineum

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10
Q

label the ligaments

What does the sacrospinous ligament connect?

What does the sacrotuberous ligament do?

A

sacrum to ischial spine

serves as an attachment for the gluteus maximus and prevents forward rotation of the sacrum

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11
Q

How does the head of the femur attach to the pelvis?

A

acetabulum which has an acetabular labrum that deepens the socket allowing for more of the head to interact

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12
Q

What are the features of the acetabulum joint?
what is transverse acetabular ligament

A
  • has an acetabular fossa
  • has an acetabular labrum (deepens the socket)
  • lunate surface
  • transverse acetabular ligament which allows for an acetabular foramen to be formed within the obturator foramen
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13
Q

What are the 3 ligaments that the hip joint is supported by?

A

iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral (wrap around the head of the femur and extend to the leg)

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14
Q

What are the actions that the leg can do?

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumflexion all together
- internal rotation and external rotation
ALL WITH THE HIP JOINT FIXED

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15
Q

What are the structures at the distal end of the femur? label

A

no trochanters, only chondyles

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16
Q

label

A
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17
Q

What type of bone is the patella?

A

sesamoid

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18
Q

label tibia

A
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19
Q

What is the knee joint?

A

modified hinge joint which allows for little movement

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20
Q

What are the structures which hold the knee joint in place?

A
  • anterior and posterior cruciate ligament
  • lateral and medial meniscus (fibrocartilage)
  • fibular collateral ligament (lateral)
  • tibial collateral ligament (medial)
  • patellar ligament
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21
Q

What do the cruciate ligaments do? damage?

A

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments which from a criss cross shape allowing control over movement

anterior or posterior damage means tibia sags in taht direction

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22
Q

What do the meniscus do?

A

act as shock absorber

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23
Q

What is the difference in the knee joint when bent (flexion) or straight (extension)?

A
  • straight (extension) allows for knees to be in locked position as flat surface of femur is sitting in the meniscus so all the force travels down = flat part of patella in miniscus
  • bent knees (flexion) allows for the round part of the femur to be in the meniscus = less space for movement = round part of femur in miniscus
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24
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

A

anterior, medial, posterior (and gluteal but not really a compartment so considered as lateral)

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25
Q

What are the components of the anterior thigh?

A
  • hip flexors ad knee extensors
  • quadriceps
  • pectineus - sometimes part of medial
  • iliopsoas made of the psoas major and iliacus
  • sartorius - long muscle, flexes knee n hip
  • psoas minor

I SAW A PRETTY QUeEN

26
Q

What makes up the quadriceps? anterior thigh
which one crosses hip joint

where do they all insert

A
  • rectus femoris - only 1 that crosses hip joint
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius

MILF

insert at pattella tendon to form patellar ligament

27
Q

whats the longest muscle in body?

A

sartorius and is in anterior thigh

28
Q

What is the main role of the pectineus?

A

adduction

29
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas major?

A

forms illiopsoas and inserts at lesser trochanter

anterior rami of L1-L3 because the muscle starts at the lumbar vertebrae

30
Q

Where does the sartorius muscle travel?
What is the function of the sartorius?

A

longest muscle which travels from ASIS to front of the thigh inserting into the medial side of the tibia (semitendonous attatavhment)

the sartorius?
flex the hip and abduct

31
Q

Which is only muscle which crosses the hip joint?

A

rectus femoris

32
Q

What are the contents of the medial compartment of the thigh?
what are they all innervated by

A
  • adductor group
  • obturator nerve
  • adductor longus, brevis and magus (order is MBL lateral to medial)
  • gracilis
  • obturator externus (runs along the obturator membrane)
    GOA

ALL INNERVATED BY OBTRUATOR NERVE, APART FROM HAMSTRING = SCIATIC NERVE * i think

33
Q

Where does the gracilus and sartorius attach?

A

at semitendinous

34
Q

Where do the adduct muscles and obturator externus attach to?

A
  • adductor brevis, longus and obturator externus attach to the superior pubic rami
  • adductor magus attach to the inferior pubic rami
35
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

a canal from the apex of the femoral triangle to adductor hiatus

36
Q

What is the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal (lymph)

37
Q

What is the division of the arteries going through the femoral triangle?

A

femoral artery => superficial and deep artery of thigh => deep gives of the medial circumflex artery and the lateral => lateral circumflex artery will split again to form the ascending, transverse and descending branches

38
Q

what goes through adductor hiatus ?

A

popliteal artery (becomes this from femoral artery)

39
Q

where does femoral triangle end?

A

adductor canal

40
Q

what si the main artery of the thigh?

A

deep

41
Q

boundaries and contents of femoral triangle

A
42
Q

what does great saphenous vein do

A

from the side of the foot through the saphenous opening which is through the deep fascia of the thigh and then enters the femoral vein

43
Q

What separates the adductor magnus into the hamstring part andthe adductor part?

A

adductor hiatus

44
Q

if someone cuts femoral triangle, what is most superficial

A

femoral artery is more superficial which is dangerous with a lacerating damage = big damage

45
Q

What is the gluteal compartment made of?

A

superficial and deep layer

46
Q

What are the contents of the superficial layer of gluteal compartment?

A

gluteus maximus, medius and minimus & tensor fasciae latae

MMS

47
Q

What are the movements of the superficial layer of the gluteal compartment?

A

extend, abduct, medially rotate thigh

48
Q

What are the contents of the deep layer of gluteal compartment?

A
  • piriformis
  • quadratus femoris
  • obturator internis
  • superior and inferior gemelli
49
Q

label

A

part of superficial layer of gluteal compartment

50
Q

What is the function of the deep layer of the gluteal compartment?

A
  • lateral rotator
  • stabilise hip joint
51
Q

Where does the gluteus maximus insert?

A

iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

52
Q

Where does the gluteal medius and minimus insert?

A

into the greater trochanter of femur

53
Q

What does the tensor fascia latae do?

A

thickening of the fascia helping with gluteus maximus
- pushing the muscle together will squeeze the veins either side and allow for the blood to travel against gravity easier

54
Q

What is in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

 The hamstrings
 Extend the thigh, flex the knee
 Common origin: ischial tuberosity
 Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

55
Q

What is the common origin for the contents of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

ischial tuberosity

56
Q

What is the fxn of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

extend the thigh, flex the knee

57
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

58
Q

What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator nerve

59
Q

label

A
60
Q

What nerve supplies the gluteus minimus and medius?

A

superior gluteal artery and nerve

61
Q

What major nerves run through the gluteal compartment?

A

inferior gluteal, pudendal, sciatic

Clinical Anatomy (22 decks)

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