MSK - Lower Limb 1 Flashcards by Nabiha Zulfiqar

What makes up the pelvic girdle? where do they insert

ilium, ischium, pubis
acetabullum

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label everything - must know

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What is the cartilage which fuses the hip bone together?

triradiate ligament (Y shaped) which fuses ilium, ischium and pubis

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What is the linea terminalis? and label everything

division of false and true pelvis

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What is the obturator foramen? What does it turn into?

What travels through the obturator canal?

allows for structure to pass down from the abdominal into lower limbs - obtruator internus
- becomes covered by the obturator membrane to form the obturator canal

obturator artery, vein and nerve

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What is the obturator membrane an attachment point for?

obturator externus and obturator internus

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what passes through the greater sciatic foramina - NERVE ?
What communication does the greater sciatic foramen allow for?

piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve (clin rel to compression of nerve: sciatica)

gluteal region communicate with the pelvis

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label femur - must know

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What communication does the lesser sciatic foramen allow for?

gluteal region communicate with the perineum

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label the ligaments

What does the sacrospinous ligament connect?

What does the sacrotuberous ligament do?

sacrum to ischial spine

serves as an attachment for the gluteus maximus and prevents forward rotation of the sacrum

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How does the head of the femur attach to the pelvis?

acetabulum which has an acetabular labrum that deepens the socket allowing for more of the head to interact

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What are the features of the acetabulum joint?
what is transverse acetabular ligament

has an acetabular fossa
has an acetabular labrum (deepens the socket)
lunate surface
transverse acetabular ligament which allows for an acetabular foramen to be formed within the obturator foramen

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What are the 3 ligaments that the hip joint is supported by?

iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral (wrap around the head of the femur and extend to the leg)

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What are the actions that the leg can do?

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumflexion all together
- internal rotation and external rotation
ALL WITH THE HIP JOINT FIXED

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What are the structures at the distal end of the femur? label

no trochanters, only chondyles

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label

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What type of bone is the patella?

sesamoid

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label tibia

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What is the knee joint?

modified hinge joint which allows for little movement

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What are the structures which hold the knee joint in place?

anterior and posterior cruciate ligament
lateral and medial meniscus (fibrocartilage)
fibular collateral ligament (lateral)
tibial collateral ligament (medial)
patellar ligament

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What do the cruciate ligaments do? damage?

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments which from a criss cross shape allowing control over movement

anterior or posterior damage means tibia sags in taht direction

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What do the meniscus do?

act as shock absorber

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What is the difference in the knee joint when bent (flexion) or straight (extension)?

straight (extension) allows for knees to be in locked position as flat surface of femur is sitting in the meniscus so all the force travels down = flat part of patella in miniscus
bent knees (flexion) allows for the round part of the femur to be in the meniscus = less space for movement = round part of femur in miniscus

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What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

anterior, medial, posterior (and gluteal but not really a compartment so considered as lateral)

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What are the components of the anterior thigh?

- hip flexors ad knee extensors - quadriceps - pectineus - sometimes part of medial - iliopsoas made of the psoas major and iliacus - sartorius - long muscle, flexes knee n hip - psoas minor I SAW A PRETTY QUeEN

What makes up the quadriceps? anterior thigh which one crosses hip joint where do they all insert

- rectus femoris - only 1 that crosses hip joint - vastus lateralis - vastus medialis - vastus intermedius MILF insert at pattella tendon to form patellar ligament

whats the longest muscle in body?

sartorius and is in anterior thigh

What is the main role of the pectineus?

adduction

What is the innervation of the psoas major?

forms illiopsoas and inserts at lesser trochanter anterior rami of L1-L3 because the muscle starts at the lumbar vertebrae

Where does the sartorius muscle travel? What is the function of the sartorius?

longest muscle which travels from ASIS to front of the thigh inserting into the medial side of the tibia (semitendonous attatavhment) the sartorius? flex the hip and abduct

Which is only muscle which crosses the hip joint?

rectus femoris

What are the contents of the medial compartment of the thigh? what are they all innervated by

- adductor group - obturator nerve - adductor longus, brevis and magus (order is MBL lateral to medial) - gracilis - obturator externus (runs along the obturator membrane) GOA ALL INNERVATED BY OBTRUATOR NERVE, APART FROM HAMSTRING = SCIATIC NERVE * i think

Where does the gracilus and sartorius attach?

at semitendinous

Where do the adduct muscles and obturator externus attach to?

- adductor brevis, longus and obturator externus attach to the superior pubic rami - adductor magus attach to the inferior pubic rami

What is the adductor canal?

a canal from the apex of the femoral triangle to adductor hiatus

What is the contents of the femoral triangle?

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal (lymph)

What is the division of the arteries going through the femoral triangle?

femoral artery => superficial and deep artery of thigh => deep gives of the medial circumflex artery and the lateral => lateral circumflex artery will split again to form the ascending, transverse and descending branches

what goes through adductor hiatus ?

popliteal artery (becomes this from femoral artery)

where does femoral triangle end?

adductor canal

what si the main artery of the thigh?

deep

boundaries and contents of femoral triangle

what does great saphenous vein do

from the side of the foot through the saphenous opening which is through the deep fascia of the thigh and then enters the femoral vein

What separates the adductor magnus into the hamstring part andthe adductor part?

adductor hiatus

if someone cuts femoral triangle, what is most superficial

femoral artery is more superficial which is dangerous with a lacerating damage = big damage

What is the gluteal compartment made of?

superficial and deep layer

What are the contents of the superficial layer of gluteal compartment?

gluteus maximus, medius and minimus & tensor fasciae latae MMS

What are the movements of the superficial layer of the gluteal compartment?

extend, abduct, medially rotate thigh

What are the contents of the deep layer of gluteal compartment?

- piriformis - quadratus femoris - obturator internis - superior and inferior gemelli

label

part of superficial layer of gluteal compartment

What is the function of the deep layer of the gluteal compartment?

- lateral rotator - stabilise hip joint

Where does the gluteus maximus insert?

iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Where does the gluteal medius and minimus insert?

into the greater trochanter of femur

What does the tensor fascia latae do?

thickening of the fascia helping with gluteus maximus - pushing the muscle together will squeeze the veins either side and allow for the blood to travel against gravity easier

What is in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

 The hamstrings  Extend the thigh, flex the knee  Common origin: ischial tuberosity  Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

What is the common origin for the contents of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

ischial tuberosity

What is the fxn of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

extend the thigh, flex the knee

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

femoral nerve

What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

obturator nerve

label