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Part 1 Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Subclavian artery branches

A

Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical

Costocervical trunk

Dorsal scapular

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2
Q

Epithlium trachea

A

Ciliated columnar

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3
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

T2
Airway and joints

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4
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

T2
Ear larynx, eustachian tube

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5
Q

Fibro cartilage

A

T1
Tendins ligaments IV discs
No pericondrium

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6
Q

Synovial joint

A
  1. Covered by hyaline
  2. Surrounded by capsule
  3. Joint cavity
  4. Allows movement
  5. Surrounded by ligament
  6. Lined internally synovial membrane
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7
Q

Ribs

A

1-7 true
8-10 false
11-12 floating

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8
Q

Trachea

A

From c6 to sternal angle
Inferior thyroid and bronchial arteries
Symp fibres upper ganglia symp trunks

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9
Q

Phrenic

A

Motor and sensory diaphragm
C4
Behind subclav vein, in front of lung root
Diaphragm tendon on right, muscle on left
Lateral ant and post branches

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10
Q

Azygous

A

Drains post chest wall
Goes to SVC T4
Formed by the ascending lumbar vein and the right subcostal vein
receives the lower eight posterior intercostal veins
joined by the hemiazygos vein at the T8–T9
passes through the aortic opening of the diaphragm.

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11
Q

Lymph drainage lung

A

LLL right superior tracheobronchial nodes

Subpleural plexus drains parenchtna and visceral pleura

Eventually venous angle or r lymph duct or l thoracic duct

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12
Q

Embryonic septum transversum

A

Becomes fibrous pericardium and central tendon of diaphragm

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13
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Side wall thorax and medial wall axilla
Digitations upper 8 ribs
2nd upper scap, lower 4 lower scap
Supplied by long thoracic C5-7
5 upper 2
6 3rd and 4th
7 rest

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14
Q

Thoracic wall muscles

A

Inner: innermost IC, transversus thoracicus, subcostal
Middle: internal intercostal
Outer: external IC, serratus posterior inferior and superior, levator costae

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15
Q

Male trachea

A

1.6-2cm
12cm long
Half intrathoracic
12-20 cartilaginous c shapes with trachealis muscle posteriorly

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16
Q

Innervation parietal lung

A

Phrenic - med diaphragm and mediastinal
IC - lat diaphragm and costal

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17
Q

Lung fissure surface anatomuly

A

Oblique - T2 - 6th costal
Horizontal - oblique until 4th rin and costal

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18
Q

Thymus

A

Arteries: Anterior intercostal
Internal thoracic
Makes t lymphocytes, not active in thymus
Releases thymosin which stimulates maturation lymphocytes other organs

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19
Q

Oesophagus

A

25cm
C6 to t11
Anterior to prevertebral fascia cervically
Right crossed by azygous
Left crossed aortic arch

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20
Q

Heart border

A

Right - r 3rd costal to r 6th costal cart
Inf - r 6th to L 5th ic space (apex)
Left - apex to l 2nd costal cart 2cm from sternum
All lower edge

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21
Q

Atypical ribs

A

Typical:
Head with 2 articular facets
Neck curving into crest
Shaft
Atypical:
1, 2, 11, 12 and sometimes 10
1 - 1 articular facet, short wide, 2 grooves for vessels
2 - rough oatch for seratus anterior
11 - 1 articular facet, no tubercle, short neck
12 - 1 articular facet, no tubercle, short neck, no angle or costal groove

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22
Q

Borders heart

A

R - RA
Sup - RA + LA
L - LV + small amount LA
Inf - RV + small amount LV

23
Q

Heart surfaces

A

Ant - RV
Diaphragmatic - LV + a bit RV
R - RA
L - LV

24
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

5cm long
3cm wide

25
Q

Rib movement

A

3-5 pump handle
6-10 bucket handle
11-12 calliper

26
Q

Muscle types

A

Smooth - non striated, 1 nucleus
Cardiac - straited, 1-2 nuclei
Skeletal - striated, multiple nuclei, T1 aerobic

27
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

Typical T2-9
Bilateral costal demi facets paired
Costal facets on transverse processes
Long down sloping spinous process

Atypical
1 sup vert body facet not demi
10 only one pair facets on body/ pedicle
11 & 12 only one pair facets on pedicles

28
Q

Sterno costal joint
Costovert/transverse

A

ScJ - 1 primary cartilagenous
2-7 synovial plane

Synovial plane

29
Q

Accessory muscles breathing

A

Pec major
Pec minor
Serratus anterior
Scalene

30
Q

Atypical thoracic nerves

A

T1 - brachial plexus, no ant cut
1+2 - internal surfave not sc groove
2+-3 - large ant cut, suplies axilla and arm, com medial brachial cutaneous
T7-11 - innervate parietal peritoneum

31
Q

Post IC arteries

A

1-2 - supreme/ superior branch costocervical trunk from Subclav
3-11 from aorta
S cost from aorta
Between internal and innermost intercostal s

32
Q

Anterior arterial intercostal

A

Internal thoracic 1-6 (branch subclav)
7-9 musculophrenic (branch internal thoracic
10-12 absent

33
Q

Internal thoracic

A

Sc 1-6
6th ic space becomes musculophrenic and sup epigastric
Also gives rise pericardiophrenic

34
Q

SC Vein drainage posterior thoracic wall

A

1 bcv bilat
L
2,3 become sup ic go to bcv
4-8 accessory hemiazygous
9-11 sc and asc lumbar hemiazygous

R
2-4 become sup IC got to svc with azygois
Rest azygous

35
Q

Breasts

A

Bed - sternum to MAL rib 2-6, on pec major and serratus ant
15-20 lobules
Each lobule drained by lactiferous duct
FSH &LH cause increased size

36
Q

Breast blood supply

A

Med - internal thoracic
Lat - lat thoracic from axillary and lat cut 2-4

Drain axillary and intern thoracic veins

37
Q

Lymph drainage breast

A

75% lat - axillary +- pectoral to clavicle to sc trunk
Med to parasternal lymph or abdo lymph or other breast to bronchomediastinal trunk

All end thoracic duct/ r lymoatic duct or venous angle

Skin might also drain to deep cervical

38
Q

Intercostal nerve

A

Ventral rami upper 11 thoracic nerves

39
Q

Alveoli

A

Alveolar duct becomes alveolar sac (5-6) and alveoli come from this.
Interconnecting passages pores of Kohn

40
Q

Top of lung root

A

Right - upper lobe bronchus and artery
Left - pulmonary artery

41
Q

Bronchi cells

A

Wall - smooth muscle and hyaline cartilage, pseudostratified columnar ciliates
Terminal bronchioles no alveoli
T1 and 2 pneumocytes
Phospholipid reduces surface tension

42
Q

Oesophagus vasc

A

Oesophageal inferior thyroid
Bronchial
Aortic branches oesophageal
Left gastric art from coeliac and l inf phrenic
Veins left gastric to portal or oesophageal to azygous
Lymph left gastric to coeliac

43
Q

Oesophagus constrictions

A

Cervical at cricopharyngeus
Thoracic aorta then left main bronchus
Diaphragmatic

44
Q

Coronary sinus receives

A

Great, middle, small cardiac veins
Post vein left ventricle
Oblique vein left atrium
(5 total)

45
Q

Sternal angle

A

2nd costal cartilage
T4
Begining and end aortic arch
Bifurcation trachea

46
Q

location Thoracic sympathetic trunk

A

On necks of ribs just lateral to heads
Anterior to vascular bundle

47
Q

Separation trachea from lung

A

Right right vagus and right pleural apex
Left left common carotid and subclavian

48
Q

Cardiac plexus

A

Superficial in arch of aorta
From left vagus and left cervical symp ganglion
Deep between trachea and aorta
Right cervic branches, vagal, cardiac nerves

49
Q

Trachea blood supply

A

Inferior thyroid
Sup mid and inf bronchial

50
Q

Epithelium trachea and bronchi

A

Ciliated columnar

51
Q

Examples secondary cartilaginous joints (symphysis)

A

IV discs
Manubrosternal
Pubic symphysis
Saccrococcygeal symphysis

52
Q

Examples primary cartilagenous joints - synchondrosis

A

Costochondral
1st sternocostal
Xiphisternal

53
Q

Location lung hila

A

T4-5
3-4th ccs

54
Q

Layer of pericardium no sensory

A

Visceral of serous pericardium (no innervation phrenic)
Visceral peritoneum never sensory

Part 1 Anatomy (9 decks)

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