Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Typical vertebra

A

Body
Arch - 2 pedicles, 2 laminae
Processes (7) - 1 spinous, 2 transverse, 4 artic (2 sup 2inf from junctions pedicels and lamina)

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2
Q

Atypical cervical

A

C1 atlas - no body, no SP, anterior and posterior arches, widest of cervical
C2 axis - has dens, held to C1 by transverse, superior artic facet on body not transverse process
C7 - no foramina in transverse processes, non bifid spinous

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3
Q

Atypical thoracic

A

T1 - sup facet not demi (inf demi)
T9 - no inf demifacet
T10 - single pair of costal facets on body an pedicle
T11+2 - single pair of costal facets on pedicle - no transvers process facets

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4
Q

Sacrum

A

5 vertebrae fused
4 foraminae
Sacral hiatus - formed from lack of S5 spinous process

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5
Q

Vertebral body joints

A

secondary cartilagenous
ant longitudinal (stops extension) and post longituinal (stops flexion)

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6
Q

Zygapophysial joints

A

plane synovial joint - gliding
from sup and inf facets
More horizontal C, others vert with medial on L
nerve supply - articular branches of medial branches post rami

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7
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

synovial condyloid
From atlas to occipital condyles
allows yes movement
ant (from ant longitudinal)and post atlanto occipital membrane

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8
Q

Atlanto-axial joint

A

medial pivot joint, lateral 2x gliding (plane) synovial (3 x artic surfaces)
allows no movement
dens held on with transverese lig around C1 (atlas), ongitudinal bands (togetehr make cruciate)
alar from dens to foemane magnum to prevent rotation
tectorial membrane from post longitudinal

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9
Q

Arterial vertebral column

A

segmental arteries depending on level
body - periostial to surface, equatorial deeper
anterior vert canal arteries supply red marrow
radicular/ segmental medullary supply cord

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10
Q

Venous drainage

A

intervertebral veins from cord
basivertebral from bodies
join int and ext plexi

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11
Q

Extrinsic back muscles

A

connect axial and appendicular
all ant rami except trap (XI)
superficial - trapezius, lat dorsi, rhomboids, levator scapulae
intermediate - serratus posterior

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12
Q

Intrinsic back muscles

A

proprioception and extnsion innervated post rami
superficial - splenious
intermediate - erector spinae
deep - transversospinalis

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13
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

lamina to lamina, resist flexion

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14
Q

Meninges

A

Dura - outer thick, makes dural sac
Arachnoid - avascular, held against dura by CSF, trabeculae connecct to pia
Pia - becomes fillum terminale, suspends cord through filum and la denticulate ligs

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15
Q

Epidural and subarach

A

Epidural - fatty, internal vertebral venous plexus, pinal nerves below L2
Subarachnoid - between arachnoid and pia, CSF, arteries + veins: raicular, segmental, medullary and spinal
Lumbar cistern L2-S2

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16
Q

Spinal cord arteries

A

2x post
1x ant from segmental - occlusion lose all except vibration and proprioception
medullary arteries formed around brachial and lumbrosacral plexi
medulary supplies nerve roots / radicular if not present
venous - 3 ant 3 post

17
Q

Layers you go through LP

A

Skin
Sub cut CT
Supraspinous ligament
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Epidural space
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater

18
Q

Pyramidal tracts

A

CBT - head and neck movement
CST - lat fine, vent posture
both go through internal capsule