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1. Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

0
Q

Structures of anterior inferior mediastinum.

A

Remnants of thymus glands

Internal thoracic: arteries, veins, and lymphatics.

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1
Q

Structures in superior mediastinum

A

Esophagus, trachea, thoracic duct, brachiocephalic veins, SVC, vagus nerves (left recurrent laryngeal), phrenic nerve, aortic arch and branches, thymic remnants.

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2
Q

Structures of middle inferior mediastinum

A

Heart and pericardium
Ascending aorta
Pulmonary artery
SVC, IVC

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3
Q

Structures of posterior inferior mediastinum

A 
Esophagus
Primary bronchii and associated lymph nodes
Descending aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygos vein system
Thoracic splanchnic nerves
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4
Q

Plane of Ludwig

A

Plane in thorax from sternal angle to t4 t5 intervertebral disk. Separates superior and inferior mediastinum

marking:
Ascending and descending aorta
Left recurrent laryngeal n. loops
Trachea bifurcates
Ligamentum arteriosum
Cardiac autonomic plexus
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5
Q

Natural constrictions of the esophagus

A

1 pharynx
2 aortic arch
3 left main bronchus
4 diaphragm

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6
Q

Openings of the diaphragm

A

IVC at T8
Esophagus at T10
Abdominal aorta T12

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7
Q

Crista Terminalis

A

Muscular ridge on the rift atrium marking the boarder of the pectinate muscle.

Provides the internodal pathway between SA and AV nodes

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8
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

condition in which the air filling the pleural cavity can not escape (forming one-way valve).

visceral pleura are ruptured.

pressure in the pleural cavity builds up with
every breath causing mediastinal shift.

leads to severe shortness of breath, as
well as circulatory collapse and requires urgent
intervention. (chest tube at t5 intercostal space anterior to mid axillary line)

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9
Q

Primary pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

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10
Q

Decreased BP in a pregnant woman lying supine?

A

compression of the IVC by the growing fetus.

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11
Q

Aortic arch aneurysm with pain in the left shoulder. Why?

A

Compression of the phrenic nerve by the aneurysmal arch.

Phrenic nerve roots c3 to c5 would account for the referred pain.

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12
Q

Chylothorax

A

Type of pleural effusion. It results from lymphatic fluid (chyle) accumulating in the pleural cavity.

Usually as a reslt to damage of the thoracic duct

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13
Q

Left tracheal deviation with an enlarged thyroid gland. what structure is likely compressed

A

left brachiocephalic vein.

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14
Q

Artery of Adamkiewicz (great radicular artery

A

provides oxyenated blood to the lower portion of the spinal cord (specifically the anterior cord where lower motor neurons are located

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15
Q

Lymph drainage of the esophagus

A

lower 1/3 drains to posterior mediastinal and left gastric lymph nodes.

Middle 1/3 drains to posterior and superior mediastinal nodes

Upper 1/3 drains to deep cervical nodes

16
Q

Horizontal fissure of the right lung is at what anatomical landmark?

A

right fourth costal cartilage

17
Q

Right Coronary Artery Branches

A

SA Nodal, Right Marginal, Posterior Descending (Posterior interventricular)

18
Q

Left Coronary Artery Branches

A

Left Anterior Descending (Anterior interventricular),

 - Diagonal Branches
 - Perforating septal branches

Circumflex

 - Left Marginal
 - Posterior left ventricular branch of Circumflex
19
Q

Cardiac Veins

A 
Great Cardiac vein - left side
Anterior cardiac veins (not usually well visualized) 
Small cardiac vein - right side
Middle Cardiac Vein - posterior septal
Posterior left ventricular vein
Oblique vein of left atrium
20
Q

Eustachian valve

A

embryonic remnant of the valve of the IVC (not functional)

21
Q

Thebesian Valve

A

semicircular fold at the orifice of the coronary sinus

22
Q

What nerves carry pain fibers from the heart to the CNS?

A

Cardiopulmonary (thoracic visceral)

24
Q

Beck’s triad

A

In Cardiac Temponade:

Low arterial blood pressure

Distended neck veins

Muffled heart sounds

25
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of part or (much less commonly) all of a lung

caused by a blockage of the air passages (bronchus or bronchioles) or by pressure on the outside of the lung.

26
Q

Greater Splanchnic

A

T5-T9

27
Q

Lesser Splanchnic

A

T10-T11

28
Q

Lest splanchnic

A

T12

29
Q

Third Pharyngeal arch derivatives

A

Common carotid arteries, external carotid arteries,

30
Q

Fourth pharyngeal arch derivatives

A

Left: part of the aortic arch
Right: proximal right subclavian

31
Q

Sixth pharyngeal arch derivatives

A

Ventral: pulmonary arteries
Dorsal: ductus arteriosus

32
Q

Nerves contributing to decreased HR and cardiac output

A

Lateral horn of T1 to T4

1. Anatomy (7 decks)

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