Thorax

Question 1

Superior region of the pharynx (nasopharynx) has what epithelium cells

Answer 1

Respiratory mucosa, with mucous cells

Question 2

Stratified squamous epithelium lines what upper respiratory tract

Answer 2

inferior pharynx, including Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 3

Larynx, trachea and bronchi are lined with what epithelium cells

Answer 3

Respiratory mucosa with mucosa cells

Question 4

Cuboidal epithelium line…

Answer 4

the Bronchioles

Question 5

The alveoli is lined with what type of epithelium cells

Answer 5

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 6

What type of epithelium lines most of the respiratory tract?

Answer 6

Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 7

What are the two main types of epithelia that lines the respiratory tract?

Answer 7

respiratory epithelium and stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

What are the vestibules

Answer 8

contains hair follicles called vibrissae which help to filter incoming air (clean)

Question 9

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of

Answer 9

Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, Pharynx

Question 10

What are the turbinates and how many are there

Answer 10

• Turbinates swirl the incoming air and small airborne particles are trapped in mucosa, therefore more effective for cleaning, warming, humidify air
• three- inferior (lower), middle, superior (higher)

Question 11

What are the vascular plexus

Answer 11

• Assisting to warming and humidify the incoming air

Question 12

What are the paranasal sinuses

Answer 12

• Air filled chambers connected to nasal cavity

- lined with respiratory mucosa to warm, clean and humidify air

Question 13

What is the Pharynx

Answer 13

• shared region of respiratory and digestive system , so both food and air pass
• muscular tube
• 3 regions

Question 14

Nasopharynx is lined with what epithelium

Answer 14

• Respiratory epithelium/mucosa
• air only
• nasal cavity

Question 15

Oropharynx

Answer 15

• Stratified squamous
• both food and air pass
  Oral cavity

Question 16

Langopharynx

Answer 16

• Stratified squamous

both food and air

Question 17

the lower respiratory tract includes

Answer 17

Larynx, trachea, bronchi and branchial branches (terminal and respiratory), Alveoli

Question 18

What is the general function of the LRT

Answer 18

• Conducts air to/ from site of gas exchange

- Completes cleaning, warming and humidifying of air

Question 19

Does cartilaginous increase or decrease as bronchi divide

Answer 19

decrease

Question 20

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 20

Protection from abrasion and chemicals

Question 21

What areas of the pharynx does stratified squamous epithelium line

Answer 21

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 22

What is the basement membrane function

Answer 22

allows all the cells to attach to the membrane

Question 23

What does the thoracic cage include and what is there function

Answer 23

vertebrae, ribs, sternum

- protect organs, and framework for muscle atachments

Question 24

The thoracic cavity contains

Answer 24

1. mediastinum = heart, vessels and pericardium

2. Pleural cavities = lungs

Question 25

What are the anterior joints of the thorax

Answer 25

1. Sternocostal 2. Costochondral 3. Interchondral

Question 26

What are the posterior joints of the thorax - that articulate between the vertebrae and ribs

Answer 26

1. costovertebral | 2. costotransverse

Question 27

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles _____ the volume of the thorax _______

Answer 27

Contracts, Increases

Question 28

When relaxes the diaphragm is ____ shape

Answer 28

Dome

Question 29

When the diaphragm contracts it is ______

Answer 29

Flatterns

Question 30

How many ribs are there

Answer 30

24 | - 12 pairs

Question 31

inspiration is

Answer 31

when the diaphragm contracts | eg breathing in

Question 32

Expiration is

Answer 32

when the diaphragm relaxes eg breathing out - dome shaped

Question 33

Anterior trunk muscles are ____ and there function is?

Answer 33

``` Abdominals/ rectus abdominals function = to move (flex and rotate) and compress abdoment ```

Question 34

Posterior trunk muscles are ____ and function?

Answer 34

``` extensors eg erector spinae function = move brace and support vertebral column ```

Question 35

External obliques are ______ side rotators

Answer 35

opposite

Question 36

Internal obliques are ____ side rotators

Answer 36

same

Question 37

What rotation of the trunk muscles will be working when rotating to the left

Answer 37

left internal obliques and right external obliques