RU

Question 1

Fibrous Capsule is

Answer 1

Protective outer casing

Question 2

Renal cortex is

Answer 2

superficial region containing renal corpuscles, blood vessels and cortical collecting ducts

Question 3

Renal column

Answer 3

medullary band of renal cortex between renal pyramids

Question 4

renal medulla

Answer 4

innermost part of the kidney. contains loop of Henle and collecting ducts of nephrons

Question 5

Renal pyramids

Answer 5

triangular sections of renal medulla

Question 6

Kidney lobe

Answer 6

consists of the renal pyramid, overlying area of renal cortex and adjacent renal columns

Question 7

minor calyx

Answer 7

collects urine produced from a single lobe

Question 8

major calyx

Answer 8

formed by the fusion of 4-5 minor calyces

Question 9

renal pelvis

Answer 9

collects urine from major calyces is connected to the ureter

Question 10

hilum

Answer 10

central fissure where blood vessels, nerves and the ureter pass

Question 11

ureter

Answer 11

tube which drains urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

Question 12

Where does the renal artery arises from

Answer 12

absominal aorta

Question 13

order of organs of the urinary system

Answer 13

1. Kidney
2. Ureter
3. bladder
4. urethra

Question 14

what is the function of the urinary system

Answer 14

eliminate excess water, salts and metabolic waste through the production of urine

Question 15

three regions of the kidney gross structure

Answer 15

cortex
medulla
pelvis

Question 16

what is the nephron

Answer 16

microscopic functional unit of the kidney

Question 17

what is the function of the nephron

Answer 17

• Filter blood
• Selectively reabsorbs/secrets
• Excreted urine

Question 18

what are the two types of nephrons

Answer 18

1. Cortical Nephron (85%)

2. Juxtamedullary Nephron (15%)

Question 19

what is the cortical nephron function

Answer 19

• Responsible for most of the regulatory functions of the kidney

Question 20

what is the function of the Juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 20

• Play crucial role in establishing conditions essential to water conservation and production

Question 21

nephron: renal corpuscle function

Answer 21

• Mixture of water and solutes become the filtrate

Question 22

nephron: Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Answer 22

• Reabsorbs the bulk of nutrients from filtrate : water, organic nutrients, sodium chloride ions

Question 23

nephron: Descending limb of nephron loop function

Answer 23

Water is resorbed by diffusion in loop

Question 24

nephron: ascending limb of nephron loop

Answer 24

Na + and Cl- ions

- Thick wall prevents water resorption

Question 25

Nephron: Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Answer 25

reabsorption of water, salt

- under hormonal control (maintains homeostasis)

Question 26

Collecting system: collecting duct function

Answer 26

reabsorption of water and salt

• Urine becomes concentrated as it moves down the tube
• collecting duct drain into minor calyces

Question 27

3 layers of ureters

Answer 27

1. Inner mucosa: transitional epithelium (thick)
2. Muscle layer: inner longitudinal and outer circular smooth muscle
3. Outer connective tissue: continuous w/ fibrous capsule

Question 28

shape of urethers helps _______ backflow

Answer 28

prevent

Question 29

what muscle does the bladder wall contain for expulsion of urine

Answer 29

detrusor muscle

Question 30

empty bladder

Answer 30

pyramidal shape

Question 31

full bladder

Answer 31

spherical shape

Question 32

internal urethral sphincter has ____ (smooth) muscle so it ____

Answer 32

detrusor muscle

involuntary

Question 33

external urethral sphincter has _____ muscles so its ______

Answer 33

skeletal muscle

voluntarily

Question 34

what epithelium is the urinary bladder wall lined with

Answer 34

transition - layered for protection

Question 35

male urethra

Answer 35

longer
prostate gland
reproductive system
urine and semen

Question 36

female urethra

Answer 36

shorter
separate from reproductive system
transport urine only