Neuroanatomy (HN)

Question 1

What two structural divisions make up the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 2

What is the CNS consist of?

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What is the CNS responsible for?

Answer 3

processing information - integrates, processes and coordinates sensory/motor commands

Question 4

What does the PNS consist of?

Answer 4

all nervous tissue not in the brain or spinal cord

- eg cranial nerves, spinal nerves and nerves/ganglia of autonomic nervous system

Question 5

The motor system of PNS separates into two parts what are they called?

Answer 5

Somatic and autonomic

Question 6

what is somatic?

Answer 6

initiating a movement that your consciously aware of in your body

Question 7

What is autonomic?

Answer 7

Involuntary, happens with out you realising.

Splits into Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 8

What is sympathetic

Answer 8

“fight or flight”

- body homeostasis

Question 9

What is parasympathetic

Answer 9

“rest and digest”

- body response

Question 10

Astrocytes

Answer 10

Maintains the blood-brain barrier
• isolates the CNS from chemicals/hormones in
the body

Question 11

oligodendrocytes

Answer 11

• Supports nerve fibres
• Produces myelin sheaths (this helps to make
communication faster)

Question 12

schwann cells

Answer 12

Supports nerve cells
• Equivalent to the Oligos of the CNS but in the PNS
• Form myelin sheaths around peripheral axons

Question 13

what gila cell is in the PNS

Answer 13

Schwann cells

Question 14

White mater has myelinated of unmyelinated axons?

Answer 14

myelinated axons of the CNS

Question 15

Grey mater has myelinated or unmyelinated axons?

Answer 15

unmyelinated axons of the CNS

Question 16

What does the frontal lobe control?

Answer 16

Motor and emotions

Question 17

What does the parietal lobe control?

Answer 17

receives and process Sensory info

Question 18

What does the temporal part of your brain control?

Answer 18

auditory (eg music), equilibrium (balance)

Question 19

What does the occipital section of your brain control?

Answer 19

Vision

Question 20

What is the superficial layer of grey mater called

Answer 20

Cerebral cortex

Question 21

Where is the cerebellum located in your brain?

Answer 21

Bottom of the brain

- coordinates sensory and motor

Question 22

How many sutures in the brain are there?

Answer 22

four

Question 23

where does the coronal sutures attach to?

Answer 23

Frontal and parietal bones

Question 24

Sagittal attaches to the…

Answer 24

parietal bones

Question 25

the squamous attaches to the...

Answer 25

temporal and parietal bones

Question 26

what suture does the lambdoid bone attaches to?

Answer 26

Occipital and parietal bone

Question 27

what are your facial bones?

Answer 27

Maxilla (x2) Mandible (x1) zygomatic (x2)

Question 28

What is the brain stem made up of?

Answer 28

Midbrain- sight and sound Pons- tracts Medulla oblongata - relays sensory info to thalamus

Question 29

What is a gyrus

Answer 29

Ridge

Question 30

What is a sulcus

Answer 30

trough

Question 31

What is lou gehrigs disease?

Answer 31

- otherwise known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | muscles breakdown / dye off if not working - affects motor neurons

Question 32

What is the caudia equina

Answer 32

spinal nerves resembling in a horses tail starts - foremen magnum ends - 1st lumbar vertebra

Question 33

Menings are...

Answer 33

a subarachnoid space contained with blood vessels and is a fluid-filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 34

The three layers of meninges are called...

Answer 34

Pia mater - delicate, surface of brain Arachnoid mater - middle layer Dura mater - outer layer

Question 35

Olfactory is what cranial nerve?

Answer 35

CNl - special sensory (smell)

Question 36

What does CNll control

Answer 36

Optic - special sensory (sight)

Question 37

What does CNV control?

Answer 37

trigeminal (sensory and motor) - muscles of mastication

Question 38

What number of cranium nerves controls the facial expression

Answer 38

CNVll (motor)

Question 39

What number of cranial nerves control the vagus

Answer 39

CNX ( sensory and motor) - larynx heart, abdominal viscera

Question 40

What muscles are involved in mastication

Answer 40

- temporalis - medial and lateral ptyergotd - masseter

Question 41

Muscle of facial expression (CNVll)

Answer 41

- frontalis - orbicularis oris - orbicularis oculi - zygomaticus

Question 42

Orbicularis oculi controls what?

Answer 42

- size and shape of ocular (eyelids) e.g squinting

Question 43

Orbicularis Oris controls...

Answer 43

size and shape of oral opening e.g lips

Question 44

Frontalis controls what?

Answer 44

e.g raising eyebrows - muscles on forehead

Question 45

What does the zygomaticus control?

Answer 45

the elvation angle of mouth e.g smiling

Question 46

what are the muscles of mastication ( moving mandible)

Answer 46

- temporalis - masseter - Medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 47

What are the head and neck movement?

Answer 47

- sternocleidomastoid (neck flexion) - splenius (neck extension) both these muscles also control neck side flexion and neck rotation