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ANAT101 > Neuroanatomy (HN) > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy (HN) Flashcards

1
Q

What two structural divisions make up the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

What is the CNS consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the CNS responsible for?

A

processing information - integrates, processes and coordinates sensory/motor commands

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4
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

all nervous tissue not in the brain or spinal cord

- eg cranial nerves, spinal nerves and nerves/ganglia of autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

The motor system of PNS separates into two parts what are they called?

A

Somatic and autonomic

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6
Q

what is somatic?

A

initiating a movement that your consciously aware of in your body

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7
Q

What is autonomic?

A

Involuntary, happens with out you realising.

Splits into Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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8
Q

What is sympathetic

A

“fight or flight”

- body homeostasis

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9
Q

What is parasympathetic

A

“rest and digest”

- body response

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10
Q

Astrocytes

A

Maintains the blood-brain barrier
• isolates the CNS from chemicals/hormones in
the body

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11
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

• Supports nerve fibres
• Produces myelin sheaths (this helps to make
communication faster)

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12
Q

schwann cells

A

Supports nerve cells
• Equivalent to the Oligos of the CNS but in the PNS
• Form myelin sheaths around peripheral axons

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13
Q

what gila cell is in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

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14
Q

White mater has myelinated of unmyelinated axons?

A

myelinated axons of the CNS

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15
Q

Grey mater has myelinated or unmyelinated axons?

A

unmyelinated axons of the CNS

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16
Q

What does the frontal lobe control?

A

Motor and emotions

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17
Q

What does the parietal lobe control?

A

receives and process Sensory info

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18
Q

What does the temporal part of your brain control?

A

auditory (eg music), equilibrium (balance)

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19
Q

What does the occipital section of your brain control?

A

Vision

20
Q

What is the superficial layer of grey mater called

A

Cerebral cortex

21
Q

Where is the cerebellum located in your brain?

A

Bottom of the brain

- coordinates sensory and motor

22
Q

How many sutures in the brain are there?

A

four

23
Q

where does the coronal sutures attach to?

A

Frontal and parietal bones

24
Q

Sagittal attaches to the…

A

parietal bones

25
Q

the squamous attaches to the…

A

temporal and parietal bones

26
Q

what suture does the lambdoid bone attaches to?

A

Occipital and parietal bone

27
Q

what are your facial bones?

A

Maxilla (x2)
Mandible (x1)
zygomatic (x2)

28
Q

What is the brain stem made up of?

A

Midbrain- sight and sound
Pons- tracts
Medulla oblongata - relays sensory info to thalamus

29
Q

What is a gyrus

A

Ridge

30
Q

What is a sulcus

A

trough

31
Q

What is lou gehrigs disease?

A
  • otherwise known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

muscles breakdown / dye off if not working - affects motor neurons

32
Q

What is the caudia equina

A

spinal nerves resembling in a horses tail
starts - foremen magnum
ends - 1st lumbar vertebra

33
Q

Menings are…

A

a subarachnoid space contained with blood vessels and is a fluid-filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

34
Q

The three layers of meninges are called…

A

Pia mater - delicate, surface of brain
Arachnoid mater - middle layer
Dura mater - outer layer

35
Q

Olfactory is what cranial nerve?

A

CNl - special sensory (smell)

36
Q

What does CNll control

A

Optic - special sensory (sight)

37
Q

What does CNV control?

A

trigeminal (sensory and motor) - muscles of mastication

38
Q

What number of cranium nerves controls the facial expression

A

CNVll (motor)

39
Q

What number of cranial nerves control the vagus

A

CNX ( sensory and motor) - larynx heart, abdominal viscera

40
Q

What muscles are involved in mastication

A
  • temporalis
  • medial and lateral ptyergotd
  • masseter
41
Q

Muscle of facial expression (CNVll)

A
  • frontalis
  • orbicularis oris
  • orbicularis oculi
  • zygomaticus
42
Q

Orbicularis oculi controls what?

A
  • size and shape of ocular (eyelids) e.g squinting
43
Q

Orbicularis Oris controls…

A

size and shape of oral opening e.g lips

44
Q

Frontalis controls what?

A

e.g raising eyebrows - muscles on forehead

45
Q

What does the zygomaticus control?

A

the elvation angle of mouth e.g smiling

46
Q

what are the muscles of mastication ( moving mandible)

A
  • temporalis
  • masseter
  • Medial and lateral pterygoid
47
Q

What are the head and neck movement?

A
  • sternocleidomastoid (neck flexion)
  • splenius (neck extension)

both these muscles also control neck side flexion and neck rotation

ANAT101 (15 decks)

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