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ANAT101 > AB > Flashcards

AB Flashcards

1
Q

Primary function of the GI system

A

Brings nutrients into body, to be used for maintenance, function and growth of cells

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2
Q

What does Visceral peritoneum line….

A

organs

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3
Q

Parietal peritoneum lines….

A

Body wall

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4
Q

What are the mesenteries

A

Double fold of peritoneum

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5
Q

Two types of digestion

A
  1. Mechanical – motility patterns

2. Chemical – secretions

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6
Q

Where does absorption take place

A
  • Stomach:
  • Small intestine:
  • Larger intestines:
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7
Q

What are the 4 layers of the digestive tract (in order)

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis
  4. Adventitia
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8
Q

what layer is the most important in the oesophagus in peristalsis

A

muscularis

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9
Q

What are the three layers of muscularis externa

A
  1. Longitudinal (outer)
  2. Circular ( middle)
  3. Oblique (inner)
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10
Q

What do parietal cells secrete

A

hydrochloric acid (HCI)

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11
Q

What do G cells secrete

A

secretes gastrin (regulates acid and secretion)

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12
Q

what do chief cells secrete

A

secrete pepsinogen (enzyme that digests proteins)

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13
Q

Rings of smooth muscle called _____ regulate the movement of luminal contents from one region to the next

A

Sphincters

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14
Q

What are Rugae

A

Mucosal folds in stomach that allow distension

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15
Q

P______ S______ controls rate that chyme is released into the small intestine

A

Pyloric sphincter

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16
Q

where is chyme stored

A

stomach

17
Q

1st segment of the small intestines

A

Duodenum

- Receives chyme from stomach (chyme is food mixed with stomach acid – start of break down)

18
Q

2nd segment of small intestines

A

Jejunum

- Mostly chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

19
Q

largest segment of small intestines

A

Ileum

- Absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts and remainder of nutrients

20
Q

Absorption takes place in small intestines

A
  • Smooth muscle -> allows propulsion of food through the tube
  • A large surface area -> tube length, plicae, villi and microvilli
21
Q

what are Plicae Circulares

A

folds of the sub mucosa and is covered in villi (mostly in jejunum

22
Q

Intestinal villi contains L_____ and capillary network to absorb fats and nutrients

A

lacteal

23
Q

the surface of intestinal villi consists of S_____ C_______ epithelium with m_____

A

simple columnar epithelium with microvilli

- which absorb nutrients

24
Q

Microvilli are called “_____ _____”

A

“Brush Border”

- epithelial cells absorb nutrients

25
Q

Taeniae coli

A

Located on the descending colon

- Bands of longitudinal muscle, allowing haustra pouched to be bunched up

26
Q

Haustra

A

located: descending colon
function: permitting expansion and elongation of colon

27
Q

functions of large intestines

A
  1. absorb water
  2. absorb remaining nutrients
  3. houses gut flora
  4. compaction of material into faeces
  5. storage
28
Q

cecum

A

Located: joining from small intestines to large intestines
functions: Collects and stores material from ileum

includes: ileocecal valve - which controls passage

29
Q

Appendix

A

located: attached to cecum
Function: organ of lymphatic system
storage of gut flora

Inflammation: appendicitis
- means bacteria entering appendix is ruptured

30
Q

Function and location of rectum

A

Function: Expandable/temporary storage
expansion of the rectum triggers defecate

Located:before anal cavity

31
Q

the involuntary sphincter in rectum is

A

internal anal sphincter

smooth muscle

32
Q

Voluntary sphincter in rectum - near anus

A

External anal sphincter

- have control

33
Q

3 branches of celiac trunk artery supply the _____, ______, ______

A

stomach, pancreas and duodenum

34
Q

superior mesenteric artery supplies

A

small intestines and ascending colon

35
Q

Celiac trunk branches off the

A

abdominal aorta

36
Q

What drains the abdominal viscera

(vein)

A

Hepatic portal vein

37
Q

what sends blood directly to the liver (not back to heart)

A

Hepatic portal circulation

ANAT101 (15 decks)

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