Thoracic Wall/Respiration Flashcards
thoracic cage includes
12 thoracic vertebrae and discs
12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilage
sternum
subdivisions of bony vertebra
- 7 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacral (fused)
- 4 coccygeal
2 parts of intervertebral disc
- annulus fibrosis
- outer fibrocartilaginous rings
- nucleus pulposa
- inner gelatinous material
type of joint between bony vertebra and intervertebral disc
symphysis (bones united by fibrous cartilage)
2 types of spinal curvature
- lordosis
- concave posteriorly
- cervical and lumbar
- kyphosis
- convex posteriorly
- thoracic and sacral
Thoracic or lumbar?
Thoracic
Thoracic or lumbar?
Name the structures
A. body
B. vertebral foramen
C. superior articular facet
D. spinous process
E. lamina
F. transverse costal facet
G. pedicle
H. superior costal facet
Name the structures
A. body
B. vertebral foramen
C. pedicle
D. transverse process
E. superior articular process
F. lamina
G. spinous process
differences between lumbar and thoracic vertebra
thoracic have superior and inferior costal facets, longer spinous process
Which ribs are typical?
ribs 3-9
ribs articulate with which vertebra?
ribs articulate with corrosponding vertebra and vertebra superior to it
ie. 7th rib articulates with bodies of T6 and T7, and transverse process of T7
Which ribs are true, false, floating?
True: 1-7
False: 8-10
Floating: 11-12
What’s the costal margin?
cartilaginours border formed by costal cartilages
What type of joint is the costochondral joints?
rib with costal cartilage
synchondrosis
what type of joint is sternocostal joint?
sternum with costal cartilage
1st rib is synchondrosis
2-7 ribs are synovial joints
what type of joint is interchondral joint?
between costal cartilages?
synovial joints (mostly)
What type of joint is sternal angle?
aka manubriosternal joint
symphysis
what type of joint is xiphisternal joint
joint between xyphoid process and sternum
synchondrosis
often fuses in older people
angle of louis
sternal angle
innervation of pectoralis major
medial and lateral pectoral nerves
action of pectoralis major
mainly for UE
accessory muscle for forced inspiration
innervation of serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve
action of serratus anterior
main action UE
accessory muscle of forced inspiration
pectoralis major proximal attachments
- clavicular head: medial 1/2 of clavicle
- sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilages 1-6
- distal attachement: lateral lip of intertubcular (bicipital) groove of humerus
serratus anterior attachments
- proximal: external surfaces of ribs 1-8
- distal attachment: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
pectoralis minor innervation
medial pectoral nerve
pectoralis minor action
accessory muscle of forced inspiration
subclavious innervation
nerve to subclavius
action of subclavius muscle
accessory muscle of respiration (forced inspiration) and elevates 1st rib
pectoralis minor attachments
- proximal attachments: external surfaces of ribs 3-5
- distal attachment: coracoid process of scapula
subclavius attachments
- proximal attachment: 1st rib
- distal attachment: clavicle (middle 1/3)
direction of innermost intercostal muscles
tend to run in same direction as internal intercostal muscles
external intercostal muscles run from where to where?
from tubercle of rib to costochondral junction
replaced anteriorly by external intercostal membrane
internal intercostal muscles run from where to where?
from angle of ribs to sternum
replaced posteriorly by internal intercostal membrane
where are innermost intercostals found?
only present laterally
where are subcostal muscles?
internal surface of thoracic cage
usually cross two intercostal spaces
where are transversus thoracis muscles?
- 4-5 muscle slips on internal aspect of the anterior thoracic wall
- attaches from costal cartilages 3-6 to lower body of sternum and xyphoid process
intercostal nerves found in which vertebra?
T1-T11
where do intercostal arteries arise from?
posterior arise from aorta
anterior arise from internal thoracic artery
where do intercostal veins empty into?
posterior into azygous venous system
anterior into internal thoracic vein
where does diaphragm attach?
xiphoid process, lower ribs and costocartilages, L1-L3
muscles of inspiration
diaphragm primarily
also external intercostals, internal intercostals (interchondral part), pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior
muscles of expiration
internal intercostals (interosseous part), subcostal muscles, transversus thoracis, abdominals
