Thoracic Wall/Respiration

Question 1

thoracic cage includes

Answer 1

12 thoracic vertebrae and discs

12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilage

sternum

Question 2

subdivisions of bony vertebra

Answer 2

• 7 cervical
• 12 thoracic
• 5 lumbar
• 5 sacral (fused)
• 4 coccygeal

Question 3

2 parts of intervertebral disc

Answer 3

• annulus fibrosis
  
  • outer fibrocartilaginous rings
• nucleus pulposa
  
  • inner gelatinous material

Question 4

type of joint between bony vertebra and intervertebral disc

Answer 4

symphysis (bones united by fibrous cartilage)

Question 5

2 types of spinal curvature

Answer 5

• lordosis
  
  • concave posteriorly
  • cervical and lumbar
• kyphosis
  
  • convex posteriorly
  • thoracic and sacral

Question 6

Thoracic or lumbar?

Answer 6

Thoracic

Question 7

Thoracic or lumbar?

Answer 7

Question 8

Name the structures

Answer 8

A. body

B. vertebral foramen

C. superior articular facet

D. spinous process

E. lamina

F. transverse costal facet

G. pedicle

H. superior costal facet

Question 9

Name the structures

Answer 9

A. body

B. vertebral foramen

C. pedicle

D. transverse process

E. superior articular process

F. lamina

G. spinous process

Question 10

differences between lumbar and thoracic vertebra

Answer 10

thoracic have superior and inferior costal facets, longer spinous process

Question 11

Which ribs are typical?

Answer 11

ribs 3-9

Question 12

ribs articulate with which vertebra?

Answer 12

ribs articulate with corrosponding vertebra and vertebra superior to it

ie. 7th rib articulates with bodies of T6 and T7, and transverse process of T7

Question 13

Which ribs are true, false, floating?

Answer 13

True: 1-7

False: 8-10

Floating: 11-12

Question 14

What’s the costal margin?

Answer 14

cartilaginours border formed by costal cartilages

Question 15

What type of joint is the costochondral joints?

Answer 15

rib with costal cartilage

synchondrosis

Question 16

what type of joint is sternocostal joint?

Answer 16

sternum with costal cartilage

1st rib is synchondrosis

2-7 ribs are synovial joints

Question 17

what type of joint is interchondral joint?

Answer 17

between costal cartilages?

synovial joints (mostly)

Question 18

What type of joint is sternal angle?

Answer 18

aka manubriosternal joint

symphysis

Question 19

what type of joint is xiphisternal joint

Answer 19

joint between xyphoid process and sternum

synchondrosis

often fuses in older people

Question 20

angle of louis

Answer 20

sternal angle

Question 21

innervation of pectoralis major

Answer 21

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 22

action of pectoralis major

Answer 22

mainly for UE

accessory muscle for forced inspiration

Question 23

innervation of serratus anterior

Answer 23

long thoracic nerve

Question 24

action of serratus anterior

Answer 24

main action UE

accessory muscle of forced inspiration

Question 25

pectoralis major proximal attachments

Answer 25

* clavicular head: medial 1/2 of clavicle * sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilages 1-6 * distal attachement: lateral lip of intertubcular (bicipital) groove of humerus

Question 26

serratus anterior attachments

Answer 26

* proximal: external surfaces of ribs 1-8 * distal attachment: anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Question 27

pectoralis minor innervation

Answer 27

medial pectoral nerve

Question 28

pectoralis minor action

Answer 28

accessory muscle of forced inspiration

Question 29

subclavious innervation

Answer 29

nerve to subclavius

Question 30

action of subclavius muscle

Answer 30

accessory muscle of respiration (forced inspiration) and elevates 1st rib

Question 31

pectoralis minor attachments

Answer 31

* proximal attachments: external surfaces of ribs 3-5 * distal attachment: coracoid process of scapula

Question 32

subclavius attachments

Answer 32

* proximal attachment: 1st rib * distal attachment: clavicle (middle 1/3)

Question 33

direction of innermost intercostal muscles

Answer 33

tend to run in same direction as internal intercostal muscles

Question 34

external intercostal muscles run from where to where?

Answer 34

from tubercle of rib to costochondral junction replaced anteriorly by external intercostal membrane

Question 35

internal intercostal muscles run from where to where?

Answer 35

from angle of ribs to sternum replaced posteriorly by internal intercostal membrane

Question 36

where are innermost intercostals found?

Answer 36

only present laterally

Question 37

where are subcostal muscles?

Answer 37

internal surface of thoracic cage usually cross two intercostal spaces

Question 38

where are transversus thoracis muscles?

Answer 38

* 4-5 muscle slips on internal aspect of the anterior thoracic wall * attaches from costal cartilages 3-6 to lower body of sternum and xyphoid process

Question 39

intercostal nerves found in which vertebra?

Answer 39

T1-T11

Question 40

where do intercostal arteries arise from?

Answer 40

posterior arise from aorta anterior arise from internal thoracic artery

Question 41

where do intercostal veins empty into?

Answer 41

posterior into azygous venous system anterior into internal thoracic vein

Question 42

where does diaphragm attach?

Answer 42

xiphoid process, lower ribs and costocartilages, L1-L3

Question 43

muscles of inspiration

Answer 43

diaphragm primarily also external intercostals, internal intercostals (interchondral part), pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior

Question 44

muscles of expiration

Answer 44

internal intercostals (interosseous part), subcostal muscles, transversus thoracis, abdominals