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AS II - Test 2 > Thoracic Wall/Respiration > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall/Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

thoracic cage includes

A

12 thoracic vertebrae and discs

12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilage

sternum

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2
Q

subdivisions of bony vertebra

A
  • 7 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral (fused)
  • 4 coccygeal
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3
Q

2 parts of intervertebral disc

A
  • annulus fibrosis
    • outer fibrocartilaginous rings
  • nucleus pulposa
    • inner gelatinous material
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4
Q

type of joint between bony vertebra and intervertebral disc

A

symphysis (bones united by fibrous cartilage)

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5
Q

2 types of spinal curvature

A
  • lordosis
    • concave posteriorly
    • cervical and lumbar
  • kyphosis
    • convex posteriorly
    • thoracic and sacral
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6
Q

Thoracic or lumbar?

A

Thoracic

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7
Q

Thoracic or lumbar?

A
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8
Q

Name the structures

A

A. body

B. vertebral foramen

C. superior articular facet

D. spinous process

E. lamina

F. transverse costal facet

G. pedicle

H. superior costal facet

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9
Q

Name the structures

A

A. body

B. vertebral foramen

C. pedicle

D. transverse process

E. superior articular process

F. lamina

G. spinous process

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10
Q

differences between lumbar and thoracic vertebra

A

thoracic have superior and inferior costal facets, longer spinous process

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11
Q

Which ribs are typical?

A

ribs 3-9

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12
Q

ribs articulate with which vertebra?

A

ribs articulate with corrosponding vertebra and vertebra superior to it

ie. 7th rib articulates with bodies of T6 and T7, and transverse process of T7

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13
Q

Which ribs are true, false, floating?

A

True: 1-7

False: 8-10

Floating: 11-12

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14
Q

What’s the costal margin?

A

cartilaginours border formed by costal cartilages

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15
Q

What type of joint is the costochondral joints?

A

rib with costal cartilage

synchondrosis

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16
Q

what type of joint is sternocostal joint?

A

sternum with costal cartilage

1st rib is synchondrosis

2-7 ribs are synovial joints

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17
Q

what type of joint is interchondral joint?

A

between costal cartilages?

synovial joints (mostly)

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18
Q

What type of joint is sternal angle?

A

aka manubriosternal joint

symphysis

19
Q

what type of joint is xiphisternal joint

A

joint between xyphoid process and sternum

synchondrosis

often fuses in older people

20
Q

angle of louis

A

sternal angle

21
Q

innervation of pectoralis major

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

22
Q

action of pectoralis major

A

mainly for UE

accessory muscle for forced inspiration

23
Q

innervation of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve

24
Q

action of serratus anterior

A

main action UE

accessory muscle of forced inspiration

25
Q

pectoralis major proximal attachments

A
  • clavicular head: medial 1/2 of clavicle
  • sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, costal cartilages 1-6
  • distal attachement: lateral lip of intertubcular (bicipital) groove of humerus
26
Q

serratus anterior attachments

A
  • proximal: external surfaces of ribs 1-8
  • distal attachment: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
27
Q

pectoralis minor innervation

A

medial pectoral nerve

28
Q

pectoralis minor action

A

accessory muscle of forced inspiration

29
Q

subclavious innervation

A

nerve to subclavius

30
Q

action of subclavius muscle

A

accessory muscle of respiration (forced inspiration) and elevates 1st rib

31
Q

pectoralis minor attachments

A
  • proximal attachments: external surfaces of ribs 3-5
  • distal attachment: coracoid process of scapula
32
Q

subclavius attachments

A
  • proximal attachment: 1st rib
  • distal attachment: clavicle (middle 1/3)
33
Q

direction of innermost intercostal muscles

A

tend to run in same direction as internal intercostal muscles

34
Q

external intercostal muscles run from where to where?

A

from tubercle of rib to costochondral junction

replaced anteriorly by external intercostal membrane

35
Q

internal intercostal muscles run from where to where?

A

from angle of ribs to sternum

replaced posteriorly by internal intercostal membrane

36
Q

where are innermost intercostals found?

A

only present laterally

37
Q

where are subcostal muscles?

A

internal surface of thoracic cage

usually cross two intercostal spaces

38
Q

where are transversus thoracis muscles?

A
  • 4-5 muscle slips on internal aspect of the anterior thoracic wall
  • attaches from costal cartilages 3-6 to lower body of sternum and xyphoid process
39
Q

intercostal nerves found in which vertebra?

A

T1-T11

40
Q

where do intercostal arteries arise from?

A

posterior arise from aorta

anterior arise from internal thoracic artery

41
Q

where do intercostal veins empty into?

A

posterior into azygous venous system

anterior into internal thoracic vein

42
Q

where does diaphragm attach?

A

xiphoid process, lower ribs and costocartilages, L1-L3

43
Q

muscles of inspiration

A

diaphragm primarily

also external intercostals, internal intercostals (interchondral part), pectoralis major and minor, serratus anterior

44
Q

muscles of expiration

A

internal intercostals (interosseous part), subcostal muscles, transversus thoracis, abdominals

AS II - Test 2 (6 decks)

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