Osteology

Question 1

3 types of joints

Answer 1

fibrous, cartilaginous/fibrocartilaginous, synovial

Question 2

3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 2

suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

Question 3

2 types of cartilaginous/fibrocartilaginous joints

Answer 3

synchondrosis, symphysis

Question 4

example of suture joint

Answer 4

joints of skull bones

Question 5

example of syndesmosis joint

Answer 5

joint between radius and ulna

Question 6

example of gomphosis joint

Answer 6

teeth in alveolar bone

Question 7

example of synchondrosis joint

Answer 7

“primary cartilaginous joint” in long bones separating epiphysis from diaphysis

bones united by hyaline cartilage

Question 8

example of symphysis joint

Answer 8

“secondary cartilaginous joint” pubic symphysis

bones united by fibrous cartilage

Question 9

5 features of synovial joints

Answer 9

1. joint capsule of fibrous tissue
2. joint cavity encolsed by capsule
3. synovial membrane lining capsule
4. synovial fluid covering joint surfaces
5. usually hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces

Question 10

Types of synovial joints (6)

Answer 10

1. plane
2. hinge
3. pivot
4. condyloid
5. saddle
6. ball and socket

Question 11

What are synovial joints classified by?

Answer 11

by articular shape and/or axes of movement

Question 12

plane joint

Answer 12

no clear axis of motion

aka gliding

example is base of thumb

Question 13

hinge joint

Answer 13

uniaxial

example knee

Question 14

pivot joint

Answer 14

uniaxial

example ulna to elbow

Question 15

condyloid joint

Answer 15

biaxial

example finger knuckle joint

Question 16

saddle joint

Answer 16

biaxial

example base of thumb

Question 17

ball and socket joint

Answer 17

triaxial

example shoulder

Question 18

other structures related to joints (7)

Answer 18

• ligaments and tendons
• fibrocartilaginous disks, plates, menisci
• bursae

Question 19

Hilton’s Law

Answer 19

the nerve supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint

Question 20

abduct vs adduct

Answer 20

adduct towards body

Question 21

supination vs pronation

Answer 21

supination = ‘open’

pronation = ‘close’

Question 22

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 22

• inflammatory arthritis
• symmetric
• typical deformaties
  
  • wrist, MCP, digits

Question 23

osteoarthritis

Answer 23

• wear on joint surfaces
• related to activity
• may be unilateral
• weightbearing joints