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AS II - Test 2 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Organs of midgut (in relation to blood supply)

A

Jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending and 2/3 transverse colon

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2
Q

5 layers of facia of anterior abdominal wall

A
  1. superficial layer (fatty and membranous portions)
  2. deep (investing) layers: envelop muscle layers
  3. transversalis fascia
  4. extraperitoneal fascia
  5. peritoneum
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3
Q

contents of inguinal canal

A

Spermatic cord (ductus deferens, testicular artery, symphathetic nerve fibers)

round ligament of uterus

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4
Q

renal papilla

A

apex/tip of pyramid that points towards hilum

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5
Q

Where are external oblique muscles?

A
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6
Q

Where is the iliac crest?

A
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7
Q

what is the rectus sheath?

A

fascia surrounding the rectus abdominus muscle

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8
Q

ligaments of the liver (2)

A

falciform ligament (round ligament)

coronary ligament

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9
Q

liver location

A

deep to ribs 7-11 on RHS, but crosses midline

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10
Q

cortex vs medulla of kidney

A

medulle in middle

cortex is outside

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11
Q

where does IVC begin?

A

begins anterior to L5 vertebra by union of common iliac veins (inferior to bifurcation of aorta), ascends to right of aorta

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12
Q

parietal vs visceral peritoneum

A
  • parietal: lining internal surface of abdominopelvic wall
  • visceral: investing the viscera such as the stomach and intestines
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13
Q

location of gall bladder

A

lies in gallbladder fossa on the visceral surface of the liver

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14
Q

Branches of superior mesenteric artery

A
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • jejunal and ileal arteries
  • middle colic artery
  • right colic artery
  • ileocolic artery
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15
Q

Where is the pubic symphysis?

A
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16
Q

Where does the esophagus end?

A

terminates by entering the stomach at the cardial oriface to the left of the midline at the level of the 7th left costal cartilage and T11 vertebra

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17
Q

retroperitoneal organs (definitin only)

A

those that do not possess a mesentery. They lie within extraperitoneal layer of abdominal wall

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18
Q

Organs of foregut (in relation to blood supply)

A

esophahus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen

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19
Q

action of internal oblique muscles

A
  • compress, support abdominal viscera
  • flex and rotate trunk to SAME side
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20
Q

attachements of internal oblique muscles?

A
  • ribs 10-12, linea alba
  • thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament
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21
Q

branches of inferior mesenteric artery

A
  • left colic artery
  • sigmoid arteries
  • superior rectal artery
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22
Q

mesentary

A

double layer of peritoneum that suspends some abdominal organs

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23
Q

rectus abdominus action

A

compress, support abdominal viscera

flex trunk

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24
Q

3 flat muscles of abdominal wall

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis

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25
Q

location of spleen

A

deep to left 9-11 ribs

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26
Q

What organs are retroperitoneal?

A

SAD PUCKER

  • suprarenal glands/adrenal glands
  • aorta/IVC
  • duodenum
  • pancreas (tail is intraperitoneal)
  • ureters
  • colon (only ascending/descending)
  • kidneys
  • esophagus
  • rectum (not in abdominal cavity)
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27
Q

lateral visceral arteries

A
  • inferior phrenic
  • suprarenal
  • renal
  • reproductive
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28
Q

recus abdominus attachments

A
  • pubic symphysis and pubic crest
  • xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7
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29
Q

what is the inguinal ligament/ where is it found?

A

formed by lower border of external oblique aponeurosis

passes between ASIS and pubic tubercle

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30
Q

recus abdominus innervation

A

segmental thoracoabdominal nerves

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31
Q

location of adrenal glands

A

superior (on top of) kidneys

32
Q

Name the 3 portions of the hip (coxal) bone

A

yellow: ilium
blue: ishium
red: pubis

33
Q

where are internal oblique muscles?

A
34
Q

innervation of external oblique muscle

A

segmental thoracoabdominal nerves

35
Q

innervation of transverse abdominis muscle

A

segmental thoracoabdominal nerves

36
Q

attachments of transverse abdominus muscle

A
  • ribs 7-12 costal cartilages, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
  • linea alba, pubic crest
37
Q

Where is the anterior inferior iliac spine?

A
38
Q

location of kidneys

A

superior poles of kidneys lie deep to 11th and 12th ribs (R lower than L)

39
Q

action of external oblique muscles

A
  • flex and rotate trunk to OPPOSITE side
  • compress, support abdominal viscera
40
Q

where does IVC leave the abdomen?

A

leaves by passing through caval opening in diaphragm to enter thorax at T8 level

41
Q

attachments of external oblique muscles?

A

ribs 5-12

linea alba, public tubercle, iliac crest

42
Q

porta hepatis

A

point of entry for hepatic arteries and portal vein and point of exit for hepatic ducts

43
Q

portal vein vs. hepatic vein vs. hepatic artery

A
  • portal vein: collects deoxy blood from GI and carries it to liver
    • formed by union of splenic and sup mesenteric vein
    • divides to R and L
  • hepatic vein: carries filtered blood to the IVC
  • hepatic artery: supplies oxy blood to parenchyma of liver
44
Q

haustra

A

since teniae coli are shorter than large intestine, it ‘bunches’ to form haustra

45
Q

innervation of internal oblique muscle

A

segmental thoracoabdominal nerves

46
Q

location of pancreas

A

neck of pancreas overlies 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, head is right and inferior to this, body and tail are left and superior to this

47
Q

Regions of the large intestine/colon (5)

A
48
Q

where does esophagus enter the abdominal cavity?

A

through the elliptical esophageal hiatus in the muscular right crus of the diaphragm, to the left of the median plane at the level of the T10 vertebra

49
Q

blood flow to spleen

A

blood from large splenic artery

50
Q

where is rectus abdominus?

A
51
Q

deep arterial supply of anterior abdomin (superior, lateral and inferior)

A

Superior: superior epigastric artery (terminal branch of internal thoracic artery)

Lateral: 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries; subcostal arteries

Inferior: inferior epigastric artery (from external iliac artery)

52
Q

where does the appendix attach?

A

arises from posteromedial aspect of cecum inferior to the ileocecal jxn

53
Q

Where is the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)?

A
54
Q

What/ where are the extraperitoneal fascia and peritondeum?

A

extraperitoneal fascia is layer of CT that is deep to transversalis fascia (and contains varying amounts of fat)

peritoneum is thin serous membrane lining abdominal walls and some abdominal viscera

55
Q

teniae coli

A

thickened bands of smooth muscle on large intestine

starts at appendix, splits into 3 bands and runs length of large intestine, merging at rectosigmoid jxn

56
Q

Where is the inguinal canal? Superficial and deep inguinal rings?

A

deep inguinal ring is internal at entrance to inguinal canal

superficial inguinal ring is external and at exit from inguinal canal

57
Q

what is the arcuate line/where is it?

A

lies at the beginning of the lower 1/4 of rectus abdominus

above the arcuate line, rectus abdominus is covered on both sides by rectus shealth (below the line, the posterior surface of the rectus muscle is in direct contact with transversalis fascia)

58
Q

anterior visceral branches of abdominal aorta

A

superior mesenteric artery (to midgut)

celiac trunk (artery, to foregut)

inferior mesenteric artery (to hindgut)

59
Q

Organs of hindgut (in relation to blood supply)

A

1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

60
Q

omentum definition

A

double layered extension/fold of peritoneum that passes between the stomach/duodenum and adjacent organs

61
Q

action of transverse abdominis muscle

A

compress, support abdominal viscera

62
Q

Where is the pubic tubercle?

A
63
Q

Where are superior and inferior epigastric arteries in relation to the rectus abdominus muscle?

A

-vessels enter the rectus sheath and stay posterior to rectus muscle throughout their course

64
Q

Where/what is the transversalis fascia?

A

the layer of fascia deep to the transversus abdominus muscle

continuous with fascia on internal aspect of abdominal wall (endoabdominal fascia)

65
Q

ducts of duodenum

A
  • R and L hepatic duct → common hepatic duct
    • carries bile from liver
  • cystic duct
    • carries bile from gall bladdar
  • common bile duct
    • formed by union of cystic and common hepatic duct
  • pancreatic duct
    • from pancreas to duodenum
66
Q

types of branches of abdominal aorta

A
  • anterior visceral (unpaired)
    • GI tract, spleen
  • lateral visceral (paired)
    • reproductive organs, kidneys
  • posterior parietal (paired)
    • lumbar, sacral regions
67
Q

4 lobes of liver

A

right, left, caudate, quadrate

68
Q

what is the linea alba (LA)?

A

aponeurosis (tethers muscle to bone) of the flat anterolateral abdominal wall muscles (down center of stomach)

69
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament

A
  • thick, free edge of lesser omentum between porta hepatis and duodenum
  • encloses portal triad, few lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and hepatic plexus of nerves
70
Q

ducts of bellini

A

perforated openings at apex of renal papilla

71
Q

Connection between alcoholism and esophogeal varices

A
72
Q

hilum of kidney

A

concave border where nerves/vessels enter and exit

73
Q

how many medullary pyramids in kidney?

A

6-18

74
Q

what does celiac trunk branch off into?

A

LEFT gastric, splenic and common hepatic arteries

75
Q

omental appendages

A

small, fatty, omentum-like projections that are unique to large intestine

AKA epiploic appendages

76
Q

where is transverse abdominis muscle?

A
77
Q

hepatogastric ligament

A

sheetlike remainder of lesser omendum (after hepatoduodenal ligament)

extends between groove for ligamentum venosum of liver and lesser curvature of stomach

AS II - Test 2 (6 decks)

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