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Block 1 WK 6 > Thoracic Wall BLK 1 > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall BLK 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does viscera mean?

A

internal organs

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2
Q

what does gross mean?

A

it can be seen without a microscope

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3
Q

longitudinal sections refer to what?

A

the section of the body that runs long wise to the body regardless of posture or position

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4
Q

What are oblique sections?

A

are slices of the body or any of its parts that are not cut along precise anatomical planes.

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5
Q

what does basal mean?

A

deep

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6
Q

Define the anatomical position and understand its importance in clinical medicine

A

Patient standing facing observer, palms facing forward

Allows observer to specify body regions, planes and axis’

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7
Q

(blank) is like sagittal plane, splits the body down the middle into left and right sides.

A

Median

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8
Q

(blank) splits the body into superior and inferior halves (used in CT scans)

A

horizontal plane

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9
Q

(blank) splits the body into anterior and posterior (dorsal & ventral).

A

Coronal plane

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10
Q

(blank) splits the body into left and right sides but split is off the midline.

A

Sagittal

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11
Q

What axis would we have to move around in order to facilitate movement of the upper limb in the coronal plane?

A

AP

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12
Q

What axis would we have to move around in order to facilitate movement of the upper limb in the sagittal plane?

A

transverse/axial

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13
Q

What axis would we have to move around in order to facilitate movement of the upper limb in the axial plane?

A

verticle, up and down

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14
Q

(blank) are the most common type of joint, usually freely moveable (but not always), is lined with a membrane, opposing surfaces of adjacent bones are lined with articular cartilage.

A

Synovial joints

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15
Q

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint, usually freely moveable (but not always), is lined by synovial membrane, opposing surfaces of adjacent bones are lined with (blank) cartilage.

A

articular

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16
Q

What are all the components of a synovial joint?

A

articular capsule (Fibrous capsule and synovial membrane) articular cartilage, joint cavity containing synovial fluid

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17
Q

What are held together by some type of fibrous tissue e.g. sutures or the interosseus membrane.

A

fibrous joints (sutures, syndesmosis)

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18
Q

joints are held together by cartilage e.g. epiphyseal plates where they permit growth in length of long bones., or intervertebral discs where fibrocartilage provides shock absorption and strength.

A

cartilaginous joints

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19
Q

What part of the skin has no blood vessels or lymphatics?

A

Epidermis

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20
Q

What part of he skin has arrector muscles of hair, collagen, elastic fibers, sebaceous glands, hair follicle?

A

dermis

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21
Q

What has adipose (fat) tissue, blood vessels, nerves and lymph channels.

A

Subcutaneous tissue (superficial fascia)

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22
Q

What is a layer of fibrous connective tissue which can surround individual muscles, and also divide groups of muscles into compartments.

A

deep fascia

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23
Q

What part of the skin serves as a insulator (temp), protection for bony prominences, a conduit for blood and nerve and lymphatic vessels, contains glandular portion of sweat glands and base of hair follice?

A

superficial fascia

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24
Q

What is comprised of dense irregular connective tissues, attached to skin by ligaments in superficial fascia, in contact with muscles, sends slips around the muscles and touches investing fascia,

A

Deep fascia

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25
Q

What is continous around neurovascular bundles, attaches to bones via the periosteum, aids in th emovement of blood through venous systems and is very important in the creation of fascial planes for either allowing or preventing spread of infection or accumulation of fluid.

A

Deep fascia

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26
Q

What makes up the structural frame of the thorax?

A

ribs, sternum, cartilages and vertebra

27
Q

The thorax boundary is defined superiorly by the (blank)and inferiorly by the (blank) . The (blank) completely separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity in the inferior thoracic aperture.

A

superior thoracic outlet
abdominal cavity
diaphragm (superiorly dome shaped muscles)

28
Q

What is made of structural frame work, muscles between the ribs, external muscles, fascia and skin on anterolateral aspect only.( The posterior wall is technically considered as part of the back.)

A

Thoracic wall

29
Q

What is the thoracic wall made of?

A

structural framework, muscles b/w ribs, external muscles, fascia and skin on anterolateral aspect only

30
Q

Where is the superior thoracic aperature located?

A

superior to the 1 rib

31
Q

Where is the sternal (subcostal ) angle i.e. angle of louis?

A

level of the 5th thoracic vertebra

32
Q

When you take a deep breath, what happens to the infrasternal (subcostal) angle?

A

it increases (goes outward and ribs also go up)

33
Q

Where is the heart located in relation to thoracic vertebrae?

A

between the 5th and 9th

34
Q

Where is the jugular notch?

A

top of manubrium of sternum

35
Q

Where is the xiphisternal joint found?

A

at the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra.

36
Q

What are some surface landmarks for the thorax?

A

mid-clavicular lines (medial to the nipple), the mid axillary lines (anterior and posterior), the scapular lines and the paravertebral lines

37
Q

How many ribs are there?
Which are true ribs?
False ribs?
floating ribs?

A

12
1-7
8-10
11 and 12

38
Q

What are typical ribs?

A

3-9

39
Q

What are atypical ribs?

A

1,2, 10-12

40
Q

What do typical ribs have?

A

a head with 2 articular facets, a neck, a tubercle, an angle and a body

41
Q

Where is the most common fracture point on typical ribs?

A

anterior to the angle

42
Q

What are some components of atypical ribs?

A

articulate with only one veterbral body, have tuberosities (protrusion of bone to bind muscle or ligaments) for muscle attachment, be short and can have no tubercle.

43
Q

Which atypical rib has numerous tuberocities to the muscles and scalenes and attaches to only one veterbrae and it is the only true rib that doesnt have a synovial joint but instead a cartilginous joint making it near immovable. Also not considered to be palpable.

A

rib 1

44
Q

The inferior facet binds to the same vertebrae number as the rib number it comes from, however the superior facet bind where?

A

to the superior rib. I.e 5th rib inferior facet binds 5th vertebrae and superior binds 4th

45
Q

what solidifes with age?

A

cartilage

46
Q

(blank) are the most prominent surface features of the anterior thoracic wall, especially in women

A

Breasts

47
Q

Breast is always situated between the (blank) ribs and from the lateral border of sternum to midaxillary line. It is separated from the investing fascia of the pec major by a potential space called the retromammary space

A

2nd and 6th

48
Q 
what do these make up:
gland lobules
coopers ligaments (suspensory ligaments)
axillary tail of breast
pectoralis major muscle
lactiferous sinus
areola
nipple
areolar gland
lactiferous ducts
A

The breast and mammary gland

49
Q

The breast contains the (blank) and mammary. Where as the mammary just contains the (blank)

A

fat

Gland tissues

50
Q

what is the number of lactiferous ducts in the breast?

A

15-20

51
Q

The size of the non-lactating female breast is determined by the amount of (blank) surrounding the glandular tissue. Before puberty the glandular tissue is undeveloped. At puberty, fat deposition occurs, and (blank) give rise to 15-20 lobes of glandular tissue which drain through the ducts to the nipple. These lobes further divide into lobules.

A

fat
lactiferous ducts
lobules

52
Q

Most Lymph from the breast drains to the (blank) nodes first (sentinal). It then flows through the (blank) nodes on its way to the junction of the lymphatic duct with the junction of the (blank) . **Lymph from the breast can go five different directions.

A

pectoral and interpectoral
central and apical
subclavian and Internal Jugular veins

53
Q

There is a (blank) in the course and destination of lymph drainage from the right side of the body as compared to the left.

A

difference

54
Q

There is only one thoracic duct and it ultimately drains everything except the (blank) of the body to the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular vein. The upper rt quadrant drains to the rt lymphatic duct and empties into the equivalent two structures on the rt side.

A

upper right quadrant

55
Q

What is polythelia?

A

extra nipple

56
Q

For a breast augmentation, which is safer a subglandular replacement or a submuscular placement?

A

submuscular so you dont have to destroy coopers ligaments.

57
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

boys develop breasts mammary

58
Q

What is gynecomastia?

A

boys develop breasts mammary

59
Q

Where is the cephalic vein?

A

goes from your clavicle down through your arms

60
Q

Intercostal nerves come out in a segmental intervation pattern called a (blank), and they are a continuation of the spinal cord.

A

dermatome

61
Q

Intercostal veins drain to the (blank)

A

azygos system or the internal thoracic

62
Q

Intercostal veins drain by way of the azygos system because why?

A

because no vena cava in the vicinity due to presence of the heart.

63
Q

Intercostal muscles help to maintain the (blank)

A

spacing between the ribs.

64
Q

Any muscle attaching to the (blank) has the potential to act as an accessory respiratory muscle by either elevating or depressing the ribs. Examples include the pectoralis major and minor, the scalenes, the serratus posterior and serratus anterior and the levator costarum. Can also make a claim that abdominal muscles are accessory respiratory because of their role in forced expiration.

A

ribs or sternum

Block 1 WK 6 (10 decks)

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