Thoracic wall and lungs Flashcards
What are the openings of the thoracic cavity with their vertebral levels?
Caval opening for inf vena cava at t8
esophageal hiatus at t10
aortic hiatus at t12
Special thoracic vertebrae. why?
t1- one full facet
t9-t12- no superior demi facet on t10, 1 full facet for ribs 10-12
t11-t12- no articular facets on transverse process
What is the orientation for the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae?
Superiorly- in the coronal plane
inferiorly- in the sagittal plane
Special ribs. Why?
1 articular facet on ribs 1, 10, 11, 12
no tubercle on the neck of ribs 11, 12
broadened upper surface and impressions on rib 1
Parts of the sternum
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
What level is the sternal angle?
2nd rib
What level is the xiphoid process?
T6
What are the true ribs?
1-7
What are the false ribs?
Ribs 8-10, their costal cartilage fuses with the 7th rib costal cartilage to form the costal margin
ribs 11-12 are floating ribs
What is the motion of the thoracic wall?
Superiorly- pump handle
inferiorly- bucket handle
What is the somatic innervation of the thorax?
Cutaneous- spinal nerves are segmentally distributed
muscular- intercostal nerves are segmentally distributed, branches of the brachioplexus for the extrinsic thoracic wall and UE
What is the visceral innervation of the thorax?
motor: sympathetic- T1-T4, follow the ventral rami to support the thoracic wall
parasympathetic- vagus nerve
Sensory: follows the visceral motor back to the spinal cord
What is the blood supply for the thoracic wall?
Superior: supreme intercostal a.
posterior: posterior intercostal a.
anterior: internal thoracic a. anterior intercostal a. musculophrenic a. superior epsgastric a.
What are the 3 parts of the axillary artery? (Screw The Lawyer, Save A Patient)
- Superior thoracic artery
- Thoracolumbar artery, Lateral thoracic artery
- Subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, posterior circumflex humeral artery
Where does the internal thoracic vein and superior intercostal vein drain to
brachiocephalic vein
where does the RIGHT intercostal vein drain?
Azygos vein and then into the Superior vena cava
Where does the LEFT intercostal vein drain?
accessory hemiazygos vein then to azygos then into the superior vena cava
Where do the thoracic extrinsic muscles drain?
the axillary veins
What nerve innervates the pectoralis major?
lateral pectoral n. (c5-t1) and medial pectoral n. (c8-T1)
What are the actions of the pectoralis major?
GH FLX, EXT, IR/ ADD
What nerve innervates the pectoralis minor?
medial pectoral n.
what are the actions of the pectoralis minor?
scapular depression, anterior tilt of scapula
nerve innervation of subclavius
nerve to subclvius c5,c6
nerve innervation to serratus anterior
long thoracic nerve c5-c7
