CVP Physiology

Question 1

Layers of the heart

Answer 1

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

Question 2

which side of the heart has thicker ventricular walls and why?

Answer 2

left, because it has to push blood through the entire body

Question 3

trace the cardiac blood flow

Answer 3

into the heart via sup/inf vena cava then into the r atrium through the tricuspid valve into the r ventricle through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries to lungs back to heart via the pulmonary veins into the l atrium through the mitral valve into the left ventricle through aortic valve to aorta and whole body

Question 4

systemic circulation

Answer 4

oxygen exchange, RA to RV to lungs via pulm arteries back to LA via pulm veins

Question 5

key functions of the myocardium

Answer 5

conductivity, rhythmicity, automaticity

Question 6

which node is known as the pacemaker node and what is its general BPM

Answer 6

SA, 60-100

Question 7

which node is the primary pacemaker

Answer 7

SA

Question 8

where is the AV node located

Answer 8

in the interatrial septum, connects the electrical pathway from the sa node to the ventricles

Question 9

what is the parasympathetic innervation to the heart

Answer 9

R vagus nerve to SA node
L vagus nerve to AV node

Question 10

Cardiac cycle as shown on EGC

Answer 10

p-wave- atrial depolarization
PR segment- ventricular filling
QRS complex- ventricular depolarization and contraction
ST segment- plateau phase of ventricular repolarization
T wave- rapid phase of ventricular repolarization
QT interval- ventricular systole

Question 11

Cardiac conduction

Answer 11

SA node to R/L atrium to AV node to bundle of his to L/R bundle branched to corresponding ventricles to the purkinje fibers

Question 12

factors that affect stroke volume

Answer 12

contractility, preload, afterload

Question 13

respiration

Answer 13

lungs to the airways and respiratory tract to the alveoli