Abdominal Contents

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavities?

Answer 1

Abdominal wall, diaphragm, and pelvic inlet

Question 2

Where is the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 2

the space between parietal and visceral peritoneum, serous membrane that wraps and fixes organs to the abdominal and pelvis wall, FLUID ONLY NO ORGANS

Question 3

What are the greater and lesser sacs for the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 3

Greater sac- intraperitoneal organs
lesser sac- empty, recess bounded by greater and lesser omentum

Question 4

What folds to form the greater and lesser omentum?

Answer 4

greater: visceral peritoneum folds from stomach greater curvature
lesser: visceral peritoneum fold fro stomach lesser curvature

Question 5

What is the blood supply for the foregut, midgut, and hindgut?

Answer 5

foregut: celiac trunk from abdominal aorta
midgut: superior mesenteric artery
hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery

Question 6

what are the contents of the foregut? (6)

Answer 6

Abdominal esophagus, stomach, liver, 1/2 duodenum, pancreas, spleen

Question 7

what are the contents of the midgut? (6)

Answer 7

1/2 duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum/appendix, ascending colon, 2/3 proximal transverse colon

Question 8

what are the contents to the hindgut? (6)

Answer 8

1/3 distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

Question 9

what is the digestive tract developed from? what is the exception

Answer 9

endoderm, spleen

Question 10

what does intraperitoneal organs mean?

Answer 10

inside the visceral peritoneum and they are freely moveable

Question 11

what does retroperitoneal organs mean?

Answer 11

outside parietal peritoneum and they are fixed to the abdominal wall

Question 12

what are the intraperitoneal organs? (9)

Answer 12

part of liver, spleen, esophagus, stomach, jejunum, ileum, appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon

Question 13

what are the retroperitoneal organs? (7)

Answer 13

duodenum, pancreas, kidneys, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, anus

Question 14

what are the primary retroperitoneal organs? (7)

Answer 14

distal rectum, kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta, testes/ ovaries before they descend to the pelvis

Question 15

what are the secondary retroperitoneal organs? (4)

Answer 15

3/4 duodenum, pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon

Question 16

where do the primary retroperitoneal organs originate?

Answer 16

mesoderm

Question 17

where do the secondary retroperitoneal organs originate?

Answer 17

endoderm, they are “spinned” out of the peritoneum

Question 18

what is the surface anatomy of the stomach?

Answer 18

abdominal esophagus with gastroesophageal sphincter and squamocolumnar junction, cardiac notch, fundus, body, pylorum antrum, canal and sphincter

Question 19

blood supply to the stomach

Answer 19

celiac trunk
lesser omentum: r/l gastric a.
greater omentum: r/l gastro-omental a.
fundus: short gastric a.

Question 20

function of the stomach

Answer 20

digestion, b12 absorption, lipid and fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed here

Question 21

surface anatomy of duodenum

Answer 21

1st part: superior- starts at the pyloric sphincter
2nd part: descending- major and minor duodenal papilla
FOREGUT
3rd part: horizontal
4th part: ascending- duodenojejunal junction MIDGUT
ligament treitz

Question 22

blood supply and venous drainage of duodenum

Answer 22

blood: gastroduodenal and pancriaticduodenal a.
vein: drain to SMV

Question 23

lobes of the liver

Answer 23

anterior: r/l lobes- falciform ligament
posterior: caudate and quadrate lobes

Question 24

ligaments of the liver

Answer 24

falciform ligament- to the abdominal wall
coronary ligament- to diaphragm
both are formed from the folding of parietal peritoneum

Question 25

liver ligaments formed from fetal remnants

Answer 25

remnant of umbilical v.- ligament teres
remnant of ductus venosum- ligament venosum

Question 26

function of the liver

Answer 26

highest regenerative capabilities, secret bile, nutrient storage, detoxication

Question 27

blood supply and venous drainage of the liver

Answer 27

blood supply: hepatic a.
venous drainage: hepatic v. to inf vena cava, portal v. - nutrient enriched and deoxygenated

Question 28

blood supply of gall bladder

Answer 28

cystic a. from R hepatic a.

Question 29

Innervation to the gallbladder

Answer 29

visceral motor

Question 30

functions of pancreas

Answer 30

endocrine: insulin and glucagon
exocrine: digestive enzymes

Question 31

arteries branching from the superior mesenteric

Answer 31

middle colic, R colic, jejunal, illeal, ileocolic (marginal)

Question 32

arteries branching from the inferior mesenteric

Answer 32

L colic, sigmoid (marginal branch from sigmoid), superior rectal

Question 33

what are the 4 mesenteries

Answer 33

mesentery proper, transverse mesocolon, sigmoid mesocolon, mesoappendix

Question 34

what is the function of the ileum and jejunum

Answer 34

digestion and absorption

Question 35

differences between ileum and jejunum

Answer 35

jejunum has less arcades and longer vasa recta
ileum has less circular folds
jejunum mainly absorbs nutrients

Question 36

funtions of the kidneys

Answer 36

waste excretion out of blood, electrolyte and water balance, regulate blood pressure, hematopoesis

Question 37

what causes “nutcracker syndrome”

Answer 37

the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery compressing the LEFT renal vein

Question 38

what is the visceral motor control for the foregut

Answer 38

sympathetic: greater splanchnic n. (T5-T9)
parasympathetic: vagus n. (cranial nerve 10)

Question 39

what is the visceral motor control for the midgut

Answer 39

sympathetic: inconclusive
parasympathetic: vagus n. to 2/3 transverse colon

Question 40

what is the visceral motor control for the hindgut

Answer 40

sympathetic: lumbar splanchnic n. (L1-L2)
parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic n. (S2-S4)