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Cardiopulm Midterm > Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the location of the thorax?

A

between neck and abdomen

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2
Q

What are the contents of the thorax?

A

heart, lungs, and structures passing between neck and abdomen

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3
Q

What is the shape of the thorax?

A

truncated cone with inlet and outlet

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4
Q

What is the inlet of the thorax?

A

superior thoracic aperture

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5
Q

What is the outlet of the thorax? What is it closed off by?

A

inferior thoracic aperture

respiratory diaphragm

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6
Q

What does the bony thorax consist of?

A

12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of costae (ribs and costal cartilages), and sternum

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?

A

body of T1 vertebra posteriorly, 1st pair of costae laterally, and manubrium anteriorly

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8
Q

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

body of T12 vertebra posteriorly, 11th and 12th costae laterally, and xiphoid process and costal cartilages of 7-`10 anteriorly

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9
Q

What separates the thorax from the abdomen?

A

respiratory diaphragm

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10
Q

What level does the dome of the diaphragm rise to on the right and left?

A

right - 5th intercostal space

left - 6th intercostal space

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11
Q

What does the manubrium articulate with?

A

clavicles - sternoclavicular joints
1st pair of ribs
2nd pair of ribs
body of the sternum at sternal angle

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12
Q

How many sternabrae in the body of the sternum?

A

4

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13
Q

What does the body of the sternum articulate with?

A

manubrium, costal cartilages 2-7, and xiphoid process

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14
Q

What is the movement of the manubriosternal joint? What does this allow?

A

hinge-like movement of the body of the sternum anteriorly and posteriorly
facilitates increased respiration by allowing expansion of the thoracic cavity

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15
Q

What level is the xiphisternal joint at?

A

T8 vertebra

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16
Q

Can you palpate the xiphoid process?

A

yes, with discomfort

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17
Q

Can you palpate the xiphisternal joint?

A

yes

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18
Q

What is the length of the xiphoid process?

A

variable

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19
Q

What are the 3 types of ribs?

A 
true ribs (1-7)
false ribs (8-10)
floating ribs (11-12)
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20
Q

What are true ribs?

A

costal cartilages attach directly to the sternum

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21
Q

What are false ribs?

A

costal cartilage attach indirectly to the sternum

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22
Q

What are floating ribs?

A

do not have any attachment to sternum

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23
Q

What are the intercostal muscles?

A

external intercostals, internal intercostals, innermost intercostals

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24
Q

What is the most superficial layer of intercostal muscles?

A

external intercostals

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25
Q

Where do the external intercostal muscles extend?

A

from the tubercles of the ribs to the junction of the costal cartilages with the bony ribs

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26
Q

What passes from the anterior margin of external intercostals to the lateral border of the sternum?

A

external intercostal membrane

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27
Q

What is the orientation of muscle fibers for external intercostal muscles?

A

inferomedial orientation

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28
Q

What is the action of the external intercostal muscles?

A

elevate ribs for inspiration

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29
Q

What is the middle layer of intercostal muscles?

A

internal intercostal muscles

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30
Q

Where does the internal intercostal muscles extend?

A

sternum to mid-axillary line

31
Q

What passes from the lateral margin of the internal intercostal muscles to the region of the vertebral column to fuse with the superior costotransverse ligaments?

A

internal intercostal membrane

32
Q

What orientation do the internal intercostal muscles run?

A

inferolateral

33
Q

What is the action of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

rib depression for exhalation

34
Q

What is the deepest layer of the intercostal muscles?

A

innermost intercostal muscles

35
Q

Where do the innermost intercostal muscles extend?

A

from the angles of the ribs to just anterior of the mid-axillary line

36
Q

What passes from the anterior border of the innermost intercostal muscles to the lateral border of the transversus thoracis muscle?

A

innermost intercostal membrane

37
Q

What orientation do the innermost intercostal muscle fibers run?

A

inferolateral

38
Q

What is the action of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

rib depression for exhalation

39
Q

Where do the transversus thoracis muscles extend?

A

from the posterior surface of the lower half of the body of the sternum and xiphoid process to the costochondral junction of ribs 3-6

40
Q

What is the action of the transversus thoracis muscles?

A

depress the ribs for exhalation

41
Q

What are the intercostal nerves?

A

ventral primary rami of T1-T11

42
Q

What do the motor branches of the intercostal nerves innervate?

A

external intercostal muscles, internal intercostal muscles, innermost intercostal muscles, and transversus thoracis muscles

43
Q

What do the cutaneous branches fo the intercostal nerves innervate?

A

skin on the lateral and anterior surfaces of the thorax

44
Q

What intercostal nerves continue into the abdominal wall? What do they do?

A

T1-T7

provide motor and cutaneous branches to the muscles and skin of the abdomen region

45
Q

Where are the posterior intercostal arteries located?

A

between the internal intercostal muscles and innermost intercostal muscles from the descending aorta in intercostal spacees 3-11

46
Q

What do the posterior intercostal arteries supply?

A

intercostal, pectoral, and serratus anterior muscles

47
Q

What is the blood supply for the breast in females?

A

lateral branches from posterior intercostal arteries in ICS 3-5

48
Q

Where does the supreme thoracic artery branch from?

A

axillary A

49
Q

What does the supreme thoracic artery supply?

A

intercostal spaces 1-2

50
Q

What does the supreme intercostal arteries branch from?

A

costocervical trunk

51
Q

What do the supreme intercostal arteries supply?

A

intercostal spaces 1-2

52
Q

What do the anterior intercostal arteries branch from?

A

internal thoracic A

53
Q

Where are the anterior intercostal arteries found?

A

intercostal spaces 1-6

54
Q

What do the anterior intercostal arteries supply?

A

skin, intercostal muscles, breasts, and thymus gland

55
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

anterior mediastinum

56
Q

Where does the musculophrenic artery branch from?

A

terminal branch of internal thoracic artery

57
Q

What does the musculophrenic artery supply?

A

anterior intercostal arteries to intercostal spaces 7-9

58
Q

What does the parietal pleura line?

A

pleural cavity

59
Q

What are the surfaces of the parietal pleura? What are they attached to?

A

costal pleura - ribs and intercostal spaces
mediastinal pleura - mediastinum
diaphragmatic pleura - superior surface of the respiratory diaphragm
cervical pleura - pleural cavity above 1st ribs, in the root of the neck

60
Q

What does the visceral pleura cover?

A

surface of the lungs and structures that pass into the lungs (bronchi, pulmonary vessels, nerves, lymphatics)

61
Q

Where is the vertebral reflection?

A

where the costal and mediastinal pleurae become continuous posteriorly

62
Q

Where is the sternal reflection?

A

where the costal and mediastinal pleurae become continuous anteriorly

63
Q

Where is the costal reflection?

A

wehre the costal and diaphragmatic pleurae become continuous inferiorly

64
Q

What are the 3 pleural recesses?

A

right costodiaphragmatic recess
left costodiaphragmatic recess
left costomediastinal recess

65
Q

Where is the right costodiaphragmatic recess located?

A

laterally along the costal reflection

66
Q

Where is the left costodiaphragmatic recess located?

A

laterally along the costal reflection

67
Q

Where is the left costomediastinal recess located?

A

anteriorly along the sternal reflection

68
Q

Do the lungs normally occupy recesses?

A

no

69
Q

What may collect in the recess during respiratory infections?

A

pus, fluid, or dead cells

70
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

potential space located between the pleural layers of the parietal and visceral pleura

71
Q

What do pleuaral cavities contain?

A

fluid produced by pleural membranes to lubricate surface and prevent adhesion

72
Q

What are intercostal nerve sensory fibers for?

A

pain and irritation to costal pleura in addition to supplying the periphery of the respiratory diaphragm

73
Q

What do the phrenic nerves supply?

A

fibers for pain and irritation to the mediastinal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura

74
Q

What is the pleural sac?

A

Location where the lungs are found contained within the visceral pleura

Cardiopulm Midterm (6 decks)

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