Acid-Base Physiology DSA

Question 1

What is an acid?

Answer 1

proton donor

Question 2

What is a base?

Answer 2

proton acceptor

Question 3

What is a strong acid?

Answer 3

completely or almost completely dissociated into a hydrogen ion and its conjugate base in dilute aqueous solution

Question 4

What is hydrogen ion activity in pure water?

Answer 4

10^-7

Question 5

arterial oxygen PaO2

Answer 5

80-100 mm Hg (age dependent)

Question 6

arterial carbon dioxide PaCO2

Answer 6

35-45 mm Hg (use 40 mm Hg)

Question 7

arterial pH (pHa)

Answer 7

7.35-7.45 (use 7.4)

Question 8

arterial bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Answer 8

22-26 mEq/L (24 mEq/L)

Question 9

acidosis

Answer 9

pH<7.35

Question 10

alkalosis

Answer 10

pH>7.45

Question 11

What effect does increased HCO3 have on pH?

Answer 11

increases pH

Question 12

What do the kidneys do to bicarbonate?

Answer 12

move to urine and reabsorb, along with secreting H+ to urine

Question 13

What does GI do to HCO3?

Answer 13

secretes it and H+

Question 14

What will vomiting and diarrhea cause to HCO3 levels?

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

Do anti-acids, lactic acid, lactate, and ketoacids change HCO3?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

What are metabolic disturbances?

Answer 16

changes in HCO3

Question 17

What is the balanced CO2/HCO3 equation?

Answer 17

CO2+H2O->H2CO3->H+ + HCO3

Question 18

How will increased CO2 change pHa?

Answer 18

lowers –> acidosis

Question 19

How will decreased CO2 change pHa?

Answer 19

increases –> alkalosis

Question 20

What is a respiratory disturbance in acid-base balance?

Answer 20

Anything that alters CO2 movement from the alveoli to the blood

Question 21

increased HCO3

Answer 21

metabolic increased pH (alkalotic)

Question 22

decreased HCO3

Answer 22

metabolic decreased pH (acidic)

Question 23

increased CO2

Answer 23

respiratory decreased pH (acidic)

Question 24

decreased CO2

Answer 24

respiratory increased pH (alkalotic)