Thoracic Wall

Question 1

Clavicles

Answer 1

Collar bones.

Question 2

Intervertebral joints

Answer 2

Of T1-12. Symphysis (secondary cartilage). Longitudinal. Sml rotational movement.

Question 3

Costovertebral joints

Answer 3

Of head of rib. Synovial plane joint. Lateral + superior Costotransverse.

Question 4

Costochondral joint.

Answer 4

Primary/Hyaline cartilaginous; flexible. Periosteum binding. No movement usually.

Question 5

Interchondral joint.

Answer 5

Synovial. Twixt costal cartilages of ribs 6-9.

Question 6

Sternocostal joint.

Answer 6

1: syndochondrosis. 2-7: synovial. Fibrocartilage covering.

Question 7

Sternoclavicular joint.

Answer 7

Saddle type synovial joint. Articulates clavicle, sternum + 1 costal cartilage.

Question 8

Manubriosternal joint.

Answer 8

Symphysis. Articulates twixt manubrium + sternum body.

Question 9

Symphysis.

Answer 9

Secondary cartilaginous joint.

Question 10

Xiphisternal joint.

Answer 10

Synchondrosis. Articulates twixt xiphoid process + sternum body.

Question 11

Synchondrosis.

Answer 11

Primary cartilaginous joint.

Question 12

Axio-appendicular muscles.

Answer 12

Twixt thoracic cage (axial skeleton) to upper limb (appendicular) skeleton.

Question 13

True muscles of thoracic wall in addition to intercostal

Answer 13

Serratus posterior, levatores costarum, subcostal + transversus thoracis.

Question 14

Serratus posterior muscles (true muscles of thoracic wall).

Answer 14

May depress inferior ribs + raise sternum for inspiration. Proprioceptive function possible.

Question 15

Levatores costarum muscles (true muscles of thoracic wall).

Answer 15

Elevate ribs. May help inspiration. May aid proprioception or vertebral movement.

Question 16

Subcostal muscles (true muscles of thoracic wall).

Answer 16

Extend from internal surface of rib angle to internal surface of 2nd/3rd rib inferiorly.

Question 17

Transversus thoracis muscles (true muscles of thoracic wall).

Answer 17

Radiate supero- laterally from inferior sternum. For expir- ation + proprioception

Question 18

External intercostal muscles - 11 pairs (true muscles of thoracic wall).

Answer 18

For inspiration. Twixt back tubercles of ribs to front costochondral junctions.

Question 19

Internal intercostal muscles - 11 pairs (true muscles of thoracic wall).

Answer 19

For expiration. Run deep to + at right angles to external intercostals.

Question 20

Innermost intercostal muscles (true muscles of thoracic wall).

Answer 20

Deep to internal inter- costals, separated by nerves + vessels. Probs for expiration.

Question 21

Intercostals (true muscles of thoracic wall).

Answer 21

For forced respiration. Also to support tonus of intercostal spaces (isometric).

Question 22

Forced inspiration and expiration (breathing).

Answer 22

Exhale against resistance. Expel/inhale air quickly. Use intercostals.

Question 23

Thoracic diaphragm.

Answer 23

Primary muscle of inspiration. Shared wall (floor/ceiling) of thorax + abdomen.

Question 24

Sternum

Answer 24

Breastbone.