Skeletal System

Question 1

Axial skeleton contains bones in the head, neck and trunk

Answer 1

Cranium. Hyoid, cervical. Ribs, sternum, verterbrae, sacrum.

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

Bones of the limbs. Inc. pectoral/shoulder, pelvic girdles.

Question 3

Cartilage

Answer 3

Resilient, semirigid form of connective tissue. More flexible.

Question 4

Bone

Answer 4

Highly specialised, hard form of connective tissue.

Question 5

Functions of bone on a macro scale

Answer 5

Support body, vital cavities. Protect vital structures. Leverage for movement.

Question 6

Functions of bone on a micro scale

Answer 6

Stores salts. Marrow produces new blood cells.

Question 7

Periosteum

Answer 7

Fibrous connective tissue. Covers skeletal elements like a protective sleeve.

Question 8

Perichondrium

Answer 8

Fibrous connective tissue; protective covering for the cartilage.

Question 9

Covering of skeleton: roles of both periosteum and perichondrium

Answer 9

Builds more cartilage or bone as needed. Attaches to tendons and ligaments.

Question 10

Compact bone

Answer 10

Strong - bears weight. Has central mass of spongy bone.

Question 11

Spongy bone

Answer 11

Medullary cavity contains bone marrow (red and/or yellow).

Question 12

Long bones

Answer 12

Tubular shape. E.g. Humerus in arm.

Question 13

Short bones

Answer 13

Cuboidal. Found only in tarsus (ankle) and carpus (wrist).

Question 14

Flat bones

Answer 14

Protective function. E.g. cranium protects the brain.

Question 15

Irregular bones

Answer 15

Various shapes other than long, short or flat. Miscellaneous.

Question 16

Sesamoid bones

Answer 16

Protect tendons from wear that cross the ends of long bones in limbs. E.g. Patella/kneecap

Question 17

Capitulum

Bone marking

Answer 17

Small, round, articular head of bone.

Question 18

Condyle

Bone marking that often occurs in pairs

Answer 18

Rounded, knuckle-like articular area.

Question 19

Crest

Bone marking

Answer 19

Ridge of crest. Illiac crest.

Question 20

Epicondyle

Bone marking

Answer 20

Eminence superior or adjacent to a condyle.

Question 21

The 2 functional parts of the skeletal system

Answer 21

• axial skeleton

- appendicular skeleton

Question 22

Facet

Bone formation

Answer 22

Smooth flat area. Usually covered by cartilage. Where bones meet.

Question 23

Foramen

Bone feature

Answer 23

Passage through a bone

Question 24

Fossa

Bone feature

Answer 24

Hollow or depressed area in a bone.

Question 25

Groove

Bone marking

Answer 25

Elongated depression or furrow in a bone

Question 26

Head (L. caput)

Bone feature

Answer 26

Large, round articular end of a bone

Question 27

Line

Bone marking

Answer 27

Linear elevation on a bone

Question 28

Malleolus

Bone feature

Answer 28

Rounded process (e.g. lateral malleolus of the fibula).

Question 29

Notch

Bone marking

Answer 29

Indentation at the edge of a bone.

Question 30

Protuberance

Bone feature

Answer 30

Projection of bone (e.g. external occipital proturberance).

Question 31

Spine

Bone feature

Answer 31

Thorn-like process (e.g. the spine of the scapula).

Question 32

Spinous process

Bone feature

Answer 32

Projecting spine-like part (e.g. spinous process of a vertebrae).

Question 33

Trochanter

Bone feature

Answer 33

Large blunt elevation on a bone (e.g. greater trochanter of the femur).

Question 34

Trochlea

Bone feature

Answer 34

Spool-like articular process OR process that acts as a pulley.

Question 35

Tubercle

Bone feature

Answer 35

Small raised eminence.

Question 36

Tuberosity

Bone feature

Answer 36

Large rounded elevation (e.g. ischial tuberosity).