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Anatomy II Test I - Jourdan > Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture?

A

Opening at the top of the thoracic cavity. The root of the neck. Going in is the vagus nerve, cervical plexus, phrenic nerve. Going out are great vessels.

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2
Q

What is the Inferior thoracic aperture?

A

The opening at the bottom of the thoracic cavity where the diaphragm attaches

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3
Q

What is the mediastimun?

A

Central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue

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4
Q 
The "true" ribs include:
A. Ribs 1&2
B. Ribs 8-10
C. 11 & 12
D. All ribs are "true" ribs
A

A

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5
Q

What region(s) are the ribs located?

A

Thoracic region only

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6
Q

What do the ribs articulate with?

A

Sternum and vertebrae

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7
Q

What ribs are “atypical”?

A

Ribs 1, 2, 11 and 12

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8
Q

What ribs are “true” ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7

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9
Q

What ribs are “false” ribs?

A

8-10

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10
Q

What ribs are called vertebrocostal?

A

“true” ribs

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11
Q

What ribs are called vertebrochondral?

A

“false” ribs

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12
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs?

A

11 and 12

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13
Q

True or False?The sternum and thoracic spine share the same curvature direction?

A

False, Curvature of thoracic spine is opposite of the sternum

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14
Q

What is in the middle of the thoracic cavity?

A

Mediastinum

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15
Q

What is lateral of the mediastinum?

A

Pleural cavities

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16
Q

What is found in the mediastinum?

A

Heart and its vesselsEsophagus, trachea, phrenic and cardiac nervesThoracic duct, thymus and lymph nodes

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17
Q

Why are “false” ribs “false”?

A

They do not directly attach to sternum because they use other ribs cartilage to attach to sternum.

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18
Q

In a typical rib, what is at the vertebral end?

A

head, neck, tubercle, angle

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19
Q

In a typical rib, what is at the middle?

A

body (shaft)

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20
Q

In a typical rib, What is at the sternal end?

A

Articulates directly with sternum, costal, cartilage, or sits in fascia

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21
Q

Typically, a rib has how many facets? What is the exception?

A

Typically the head of a rib has two facets. The first rib does not have two.

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22
Q

What does the facet of a rib articulate with?

A

Vertebral column, the superior and inferior demifacet on the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

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23
Q

What does the tubercle of the rib articulate with?

A

Transverse process facet of the vertebra

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24
Q

What are the three parts of the sternum?

A

manubrium, body and xiphoid

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25
What does the manubrium of the sternum articulate with?
The first rib, and the body of the sternum. Also rib two right at the manubriumsternal joint
26
What is the costal groove?
Groove in the middle section of the rib
27
What is a intervertebral joint?
Type: symphysis Adjacent vertebral bodies bound together by intervertebral disc Ligaments: Anterior and posterior longitudinal
28
What are costovertebral joints of head of ribs
Type: Synovial plane of joint Head of each rib with superior demifacet or costal facet of corresponding vertebral body and inferior demifacet or costal facet of vertebral body superior to it. Ligaments: Radiate and intra-articular ligaments of head of rib
29
What are Costotranverse joints?
Type: Synovial plane of joint Articulation of tubercle of rib with transverse process of corresponding vertebra Ligaments: lateral and superior costotransverse
30
What are sternocostal joints?
Type: 1st rib - Cartilaginous joint. 2-7th rib: Synovial plan joints Articulation of 1st costal cartilages with manubrium of sternumArticulation of 2-7 pairs of costal cartilages with sternum Ligaments: Anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal
31
What are sternoclavicular joints
Type: saddle type of synovial joint Sternal end of clavicle with manubrium and 1st costal cartilage Ligaments: Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments; costoclavicular ligament
32
What are costochondral joints?
Type: Cartilaginous joint Articulation of lateral end of costal cartilage with sternal end of rib Ligaments: Cartilage and bone; bound together by periosteum
33
What are interchondral joints?
Type: synovial plane joint Articulation between costal cartilages of 6-7, 7-8, and 8-9th ribs Ligaments: Interchondral ligaments
34
What is the manubriosternal joint?
Type: Cartilaginous joint | Articulation between manubrium and body of sternum
35
What is the xiphisternal joint?
Type: cartilaginous joint | Articulation between xiphoid process and body of sternum
36
Breathing =
Expiration and inspiration. Mechanical work
37
What happens during inhalation?
Several muscles contract to increase the dimensions of the thoracic cavity as the lungs fill with air
38
What does the sternum work like as you breath?
A pump handle and the muscles that help with that are the intercostal muscles
39
What are the two groups of muscles that do the most work during breathing?
External and internal intercostal muscles
40
What muscles are typically used when it is a real forced inspiration?
Scalene
41
Hands in pockets, which muscles are the thumb and which are the fingers?
Anterior: Internal intercostal-thumb External intercostal-fingers However, posteriorly the direction of the fibers changes
42
Which intercostal muscles are mostly posterior. Which ones are mainly lateral and anterior?
Innermost-posterior | External and internal - anterior and lateral
43
What are subcostal muscles superficial to? Are they posterior or anterior?
Innermost intercostal; Posterior
44
Are Transversus thoracic anterior or posterior?
Anterior
45
What muscle is considered the primary muscle of breathing?
Diaphragm
46
Why does the thoracic cavity expand during breathing?
To cause the lungs to fill with air and to accommodate the expanding lungs
47
What happens during exhalation?
Some respiratory muscles contract and others relax, collectively decreasing the dimensions of the thoracic cavity and forcing air out of the lungs
48
Where can the muscles of breathing be found?
Anterior and posterior surfaces of the thorax
49
What are the muscles of breathing covered by?
More superficial muscles that move the upper limb.
50
What innervates the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve (C3-C5 of cervical plexus)
51
What is the Central tendon?
It is a thin but strong aponeurosis situated slightly anterior to the vault formed by the muscle
52
What is the aortic hiatus?
Where the aorta comes through the diaphragm
53
What is the esophageal hiatus?
Where the esophagus leaves the thorax and enters the abdominal cavity
54
What is the caval opening?
Where the vena cava enters the thorax
55
What anchors the diaphragm posteriorly to the body wall?
Median arcuate ligament
56
What do the right crus and left crus of the diaphragm become continuous with?
The anterior longitudinal ligament
57
When breathing in, what state is the diaphragm in?
It is contracted and pulls down
58
When breathing out, what state is the diaphragm in?
It is relaxed and pushes up
59
What muscles elevate the rib cage?
External intercostal musclesInnermost intercostal musclesLevator costarumSerratus Posterior Superior
60
What muscles depress the rib cage?
Internal intercostal musclesTransversus thoracisSubcostal musclesSerratus posterior inferior
61
What is the superior attachment of external, internal, and innermost intercostal muscles?
Inferior border of ribs
62
What is the inferior attachment of external, internal, and innermost intercostal muscles?
Superior border of ribs below
63
What innervates the external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles?
Intercostal nerve
64
What is the superior attachment of transversus thoracis?
Posterior surface of lower sternum
65
What is the inferior attachment of transversus thoracis?
Internal surface of costal cartilages 2-6
66
What is the nerve supply of the transversus thoracis?
Intercostal nerves
67
What is the superior attachment of the subcostal muscles?
Internal surface of lower ribs near their angles
68
What is the inferior attachment of the subcostal muscles?
Superior borders of 2nd or 3rd ribs below
69
What is the superior attachment of levatores costarum?
Transverse processes of T7-T11
70
What is the inferior attachment of leavtores costarum?
Subjacent ribs between tubercle and angle
71
What is the nerve supply of the levatores costarum?
Posterior rami of C8-T11 nerves
72
What is the superior attachment of the serratus posterior superior?
Nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T3 vertebrae
73
What is the inferior attachment of serratus posterior superior?
Superior borders of 2nd-4th ribs
74
What is the innervation of Serratus posterior superior?
2nd-5th intercostal nerves
75
What is the serratus posterior inferior superior attachment?
Spinous processes T11 -L2 vertebrae
76
What is the serratus posterior inferior inferior attachment?
Inferior borders of 8-12th ribs near their angles
77
What innervates the serratus posterior inferior?
9-11th intercostal nerves and subcostal (T12) nerve
78
What are pectoral cutaneous branches?
They can be lateral and anterior: they are sensory branches off of the internal intercostal nerves
79
What is the order of the neurovascular bundles in the thoracic wall from superior to inferior?
Intercostal vein, artery, and nerveVAN
80
What muscle on the posterior aspect of the sternum and anterior thorax acts in respiration?
Transverse thoracis
81
What artery gives rise to the anterior intercostal arteries?
Internal thoracic arteries
82
What two muscles sandwich the intercostal neurovascular bundles?
The innermost and internal intercostal
83
What is origin of the posterior intercostals a. ?
Thoracic aorta
84
What are the origins of the anterior intercostals?
Internal thoracic arteries (intercostal spaces 1-6)Musculophrenic arteries (intercostal spaces 7-9)

Anatomy II Test I - Jourdan (10 decks)

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