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Anatomy II Test I - Jourdan > Lungs and Pleura > Flashcards

Lungs and Pleura Flashcards

1
Q 
The lungs are covered by:
A. Parietal pleura
B. Fibrous pericardium
C. Visceral pleura 
D. Visceral pericardium
A

C

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2
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

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3
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

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4
Q

What are the parts of the parietal pleura?

A

Cervical-Superior
Costal-lateral
Diaphragmatic-Inferior
Mediastinal-Medial

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5
Q

Using the balloon example, what does the hand and the balloon represent?

A

The hands are the lungs and the balloon around the hand is the visceral pleura. The outside of the balloon represents the parietal pleura.

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6
Q

What can cause a collapsed lung?

A

When the parietal pleura peels off of the body wall for some reason and cause the lung to collapse. The parietal pleura has to be always adhered to the body wall and the visceral always has to be on the lung

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7
Q

Which lung has a cardiac notch?

A

The left lung

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8
Q

What are the lobes of the right lung?

A

Superior lobe, middle lobe, and inferior lobe

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9
Q

What are the lobes of the left lung?

A

Superior lobe and the inferior lobe

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10
Q

What is the inferior surface of both lungs?

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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11
Q

What fissure is between the superior lobe and middle lobe of the right lung?

A

Horizontal fissure

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12
Q

What is the fissure between the middle lobe and inferior lobe of the right lung?

A

Oblique fissure

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13
Q

What fissure is only in the right lung?

A

The horizontal fissure

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14
Q

What fissure is between the superior lobe and inferior lobe of the left lung?

A

Oblique fissure

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15
Q

What two unique features does the superior lobe of the left lung have?

A

Cardiac notch and lingula

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16
Q

What is the hilum of the lung?

A

Orifice located on the medial side of both lungs where the veins, arteries, nerves, and air conduits of the lungs can pass through the viscous membranes and enter the lungs

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17
Q

What is the point of connection of the parietal and visceral pleura, and of the mediastinum and pleural cavities?

A

The hilum

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18
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament?

A

It is pleura that anchors the lung against the mediastinum

19
Q

What does the blood for the lung tissue come from?

A

Bronchial arteries

20
Q

What impressions are present on the mediastinum of the left lung?

A 
Groove for arch of aorta
Groove for the descending aorta
Area for esophagus
Groove for let common carotid artery
And locations of vagus nerve, phrenic nerve and thoracic duct
21
Q

What is located in the hilum of the left lung?

A

Pulmonary veins, bronchi, pulmonary artery, and bronchial arteries

22
Q

Where is the vena cava relative to the aorta (Medial view)

A

Vena cava is more to the right and aorta to the left

23
Q

What impressions can be seen on the right lung (Medial View)

A 
Area for esophagus (majority)
Groove for azygos vein
Location of vagus nerve
Location of phrenic nerve
Groove for right brachiocephalic vein 
Groove for superior vena cava
Groove for inferior vena cava
24
Q

What can be found in the hilum of the right lobe?

A 
Pulmonary arteries
Superior lobe bronchus
Middle and inferior lobe bronchi
Pulmonary veins
Bronchial arteries
25
Q

True or False?

Even with the different number of lobes on each lung, the amount of bronchial segments are the same

A

True

26
Q

What is the right bronchial tree pathway?

A

Trachea->Right main bronchus -> Right superior(eparterial), middle, or inferior lobar bronchus -> Segmental bronchus (tertiary)

27
Q

What is the the left bronchial tree pathway?

A

Trachea (T)-> Left main bronchus (MB) -> Secondary (Lobar) bronchi (SB) Superior or inferior->Segmental (tertiary) bronchi (TB)

28
Q

What does the terminal end of every bronchial tree lead to?

A

Alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs = alveolus

29
Q

Trace the pathway of blood through the heart back to the body

A

Superior/inferior vena cava->right atrium->tricuspid valve (AV valve)-> Right ventricle -> Pulmonary valve ->Pulmonary artery ->lung -> Pulmonary veins -> Left atrium -> Mitral valve -> Left ventricle -> Aortic valve -> aorta -> body

30
Q

What is the blood supply to the lungs?

A

Left bronchial arteries (from aorta) to left lung

and Right bronchial arteries (from intercostal arteries, aorta, or left bronchial a) to the right lung

31
Q

What do the bronchial veins drain into?

A

azygos and hemiazygos vein

32
Q

What is the venous drainage of the lungs?

A

Bronchial veins and pulmonary veins

33
Q

On the right, what do the bronchial veins drain directly into?

A

Azygos vein

34
Q

On the left, what do the bronchial veins drain directly into?

A

hemiazygos vein or intercostal vein

35
Q

The heart and lungs receive sympathetic innervation from via what pathway?

A

Post ganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway

36
Q

What are the sympathetics of the lungs?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic pathway via the right and left pulmonary plexuses

37
Q

What are the parasympathetics of the lungs?

A

Vagus nerve (CNX) via same the right and left pulmonary plexuses

38
Q

What is pulmonary collapse? What can be the causes?

A

Collapsed lung: Air infiltrating the pleural cavity (pneumothorax) can break surface tension between the visceral and parietal pleura. When this happens, the elastic lung tissue will recoil (collapse) leaving air filled space within the pleural cavity that prevents expansion of the lung during inspiration

39
Q

What is hemothorax, hydrothorax, and chylothorax?

A

Other substances, such as blood (hemothorax) from a penetrating wound, serous fluid (hydrothorax), or lymph (chylothorax) that infiltrated the pleural cavity may also cause the lung to collapse

40
Q

What is pleuritis (pleurisy)?

A

Inflammation of the pleura, may cause “scraping sounds” during auscultation, and can cause sharp stabbing pain

41
Q

What is pulmonary embolism (PE)?

A

Obstruction of pulmonary artery by blood clot, fat globule, or air bubble; often fatal. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common cause.

42
Q

What is bronchogenic carcinoma?

A

Lung cancer:

  • common type of lung cancer arising from bronchial epithelium
  • Smoking is a major cause
  • Highly metastatic due to association of lymphatics in bronchial tissue
  • Typically metastasizes to brain and cranium
43
Q

What is malignant mesothelioma?

A
  • Rarer type of lung cancer affecting pleura (mesothelium)
  • Caused by exposure to asbestos
  • Can affect other internal organs
44
Q

What is pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)?

A
  • Bacterial infection of the lungs (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • Can spread to other organs
  • Contagion spread through the air through droplets from an infected individual coughing, sneezing or talking
  • 1/3 of the world’s population is currently infected with TB, but only 5-10% become sick or infectious (activeTB)

Anatomy II Test I - Jourdan (10 decks)

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