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Ortho Review > Thoracic Spine and Ribs Review > Flashcards

Thoracic Spine and Ribs Review Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are included in the Thorax?

A

Thoracic Spine
Sternum
Ribs (7 true, 5 False, 2 Floating)
122 Joints

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2
Q

What is included in ONE spinal level?

A

Intervertebral Joint
2 Facet Joints
2 Costotransverse Joints
4 Costovertebral Joints
*Most vertebra articulate with 2 ribs on each side

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3
Q

Where there is a joint, there is the possibility of ________________?

A

Movement Dysfunction

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4
Q

Main muscles of the erector spinae group

A

Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

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5
Q

What are the two posterior deep muscles of the neck for extension, Lateral flexion and rotation?

A

Splenius Capitus
Splenius Cervicis

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6
Q

What muscles elevate and retract the scapula?

A

Rhomboid Major and Minor
(Dorsalscapular N)

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7
Q

How many planes of motion does the T Spine have?

A

All 3 planes of motion

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8
Q

What are the normal ranges of motion in the T-spine?

A

Flexion/Extension= 20-45
Sidebending= 20-45
Rotation= 35-50

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9
Q

What is the movement of “pump handle”

A

Superior and Anterior movement of the sternum

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10
Q

What is the movement of “Bucket Handle”

A

Elevation of later shaft of the rib

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11
Q

Primary Inspiratory muscles

A

Diaphragm and External Intercostal muscles

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12
Q

What are the accessory inspiratory muscles?

A

SCM
Scalenes
Pec Minor
Serratus Anterior

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13
Q

What are the Accessory Expiratory muscles?

A

Internal Intercostals
Transversus Thoracis
External Oblique
Rectus Abdominus
Internal Oblique

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14
Q

What happens during “Quiet Breathing”

A

expiration occurs due to recoil of lungs and rib cage

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15
Q

What is structural scoliosis?

A

Affects primarily infants/Children/teens
and is thought to be from disease, heredity, or idiopathic

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16
Q

What is functional scoliosis?

A

smaller rotational component and does not have structural change
Usually results from Muscle spasms, leg length discrepancy, poor posture habits, or pain
Responds to conservative treatment

17
Q

What shape can scoliosis curves look like?

A

C or S shaped
Thoracic Curves
Lumbar Curves
Thoracolumbar Curves

18
Q

How is scoliosis diagnosed?

A

Xray and Cobb Angle
Min Angle= 10 degrees

19
Q

Cobb Angle 10-20 Degrees=

A

pt monitored to see if angle is progressing and is usually treated conservatively with PT

20
Q

Cobb Angle 20-40 Degrees=

A

pt may have a back brace and has more intense physical therapy

21
Q

Cobb Angle over 40 degrees=

A

They will have to brace, and surgery is needed

22
Q

What are the 3 physical therapy treatment goals for scoliosis?

A
  1. Improve hypomobile areas for improved alignment through stretching concave side and STM, Joint Mob and stretch
  2. Strengthening and Stabilizing to restore balance to strengthen convex side
  3. Posture Education
23
Q

What are 2 main dysfunctions in postural dysfunction?

A

Dowager’s Hump
Increased Kyphosis

24
Q

What is the treatment for Postural Dysfunction?

A

involves cessations and reversal of deformity to the extent possible treatment for pain, patient education for posture, and HEP

25
Q

What is the result of compression fracture?

A

Trauma or Osteoperosis
T-spine most vulnerable and women are at higher risk

26
Q

What is the medical management for compression fracture?

A

Bracing, Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty

27
Q

Treatment for Compression Fractures

A

Reduce pain and muscle spasms with exercises in spinal stabilization and flexibility to reduce compression from tight muscles. Patient education should be in body mechanics

28
Q

Why should compression fracture patients avoid flexion exercises?

A

Compression fracture patients should avoid flexion exercises because of increased compression on the vertebral body with spinal flexion

29
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis?

A

an auto-immune disease that primarily affects the spine an causes chronic inflammation.
The cause is unknown but may have a genetic component and has no known cure

30
Q

What are the symptoms for Ankylosing Spondylitis?

A

Pain or Stiffness in the lower back, buttocks and hips
As it progresses, it may spread to upper spine, rib cage, and SI Joint, Vertebral bones; compromising respiratory function and overall mobility

31
Q

Why should there be extreme caution for joint mobs in ankylosing spondylitis patients?

A

due to joint fusion or osteopenia (low bone density)

32
Q

What is costochondritis?

A

Inflammation of the cartilage in the rib cage where it attaches to ribs or sternum (costosternal joint)

33
Q

What causes costochondritis?

A

Trauma, repetitive strain, respiratory Condition, or pathogens that cause inflammation

34
Q

How does Costochondritis present?

A

TTP
Pain with deep breathing
certain torso movements
coughing and/or exertion

35
Q

What is the early tx for costochondritis?

A

Reduce inflammation with modalities, manual tx, KT tape, posture education and activity modifications
Therex should include stretching trunk/rib mobility, postural alignment, and muscles that attach ribs

36
Q

What is segmental dysfunction?
(misaligned vertebrae, restricted joint in the back)

A

improper movement or trauma that allows vertebral segments to get stuck
segmental dysfunction or somatic dysfunction

37
Q

How is normal range of motion lost during segmental dysfunction?

A

Hypertonic muscles are preventing the segment from moving properly

38
Q

What treatment should be performed on segmental dysfunction patients?

A

Manual to decrease hypertonic muscles and indirect treatments to move away from restrictive barriers to try to reset muscle proprioceptors and muscle control (positional release and strain counterstain

Ortho Review (8 decks)

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