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Ortho Review > Ortho Final KNEE > Flashcards

Ortho Final KNEE Flashcards

1
Q

What is the knee complex?

A

Tibiofemoral joint and Patellofemoral Joint

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2
Q

How many degrees of freedom is the knee?

A

2 and is a hinge joint

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3
Q

The femoral condyles articulate with ____________ condyles

A

Tibial

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4
Q

The femoral surface has 2 large condyles seperated by what?

A

Intercondylar Notch

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5
Q

The patella includes what 2 things

A

Base
Apex

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6
Q

The posterior side of the patella is covered by what?

A

Thick Articular Cartilage

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7
Q

Medial Side of Tibiofemoral Joint

A

more complex than lateral

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8
Q

What are the frontal plane stabilizers of the patellofemoral joint?

A

Medial Retinaculum
Lateral Retinaculum
Medial Patellofemoral Lig.
Lateral Patellofemoral Lig
Infrapatellar Ligament
*Work with a knee for dynamic stabilization of the patella

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9
Q

The greater the angle of flexion of the knee…..

A

the greater the compressive force on the patella by the quadriceps

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10
Q

Natural lateral pull due to Q Angle. What are the norms?

A

Male: 13 (12)
Female: 17 (18)

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11
Q

What can lead to poor patellar tracking?

A

Changes in alignment of bony segments
Weakness in medial knee muscles
Tightness in lateral structures

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12
Q

Tests for ACL

A

Lachman
Anterior Drawer
Pivot Shift

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13
Q

Tests for PCL

A

Posterior Drawer

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14
Q

Test for LCL

A

Varus Test

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15
Q

Test for MCL

A

Valgus Test

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16
Q

Tests for Meniscus

A

McMurray
Apley Grind Test
Bounce Home test

17
Q

What test is used for Swelling

A

Ballottement Test

18
Q

Name all the Bursa in the knee

A

Suprapatellar
Pre-Patellar
Superficial Infrapatellar
Deep Infrapatellar
Pes-Anserine
MCL
Iliotibial Bursa
Gastroc-Semimembranosus Bursa (Baker’s Cyst)

19
Q

What are the common causes of bursitis?

A

Trauma
Excessive External Pressure
Excessive Friction

pain/dull ache, stiff, TTP

20
Q

What is the primary treatment focus for Bursitis?

A

pain and inflammation

21
Q

How do you restore normal patellar motion?

A

VMO strengthening
Stretch Lateral Structures
Align Foot/Ankle/Knee/Hip
Hip ABD strengthening

22
Q

What are the common areas affected by tendonitis in the lower extremity?

A

Patellar Tendon
Quad Tendon
Pes Anserine

23
Q

Quadriceps and Patellar Tendonitis usually result from what movement

A

Excessive load in jumping

24
Q

Pes Anserine tendonitis is a result from what movement?

A

Low-load repetitions like running, swimming, biking

25
Q

What muscles are stretched for pes anserine tendonitis?

A

Sartorius
Hamstrings
Gracilis

26
Q

What muscles do you strengthen for pes anserine tendonitis?

A

Quads
Hip Abd
Glute Max
Ankle Invertors to improve knee alignment

**Decrease medial knee stress with valgus movement

27
Q

What is Patellofemoral Pain syndrome (PFPS)

A

pain in and around the patella as a result of increased or abnormal mechanical forces between the patella and femur

28
Q

What activities increase patellar stress?

A

Jump
Squat
Kneeling
Prolonged sitting with knee flexed
Stair Climbing

29
Q

What factors affect Patellofemoral Pain Syndrom

A

Tight lateral retinaculum
Tight IT band
Increased q Angle
Weak Vastus Medialis (VMO)
Stretched Medical Retinaculum or medial Patellofemoral ligament

30
Q

Tight hamstrings make quads passively insufficient so they require what?

A

increased quad contraction

31
Q

What is chondromalacia

A

softening of articular cartilage in a GRADE 1 (aka runners knee)

32
Q

What is exposed in a GRADE 4

A

full-thickness with exposure of subchondral bone

33
Q

How do you restore or improve patellar tracking/patella compression?

A

Stretch tight lateral structures
Strengthen VMO
Control of Q Angle and Knee position

34
Q

How do you control q angle and knee position?

A

Minimize:
foot pronation
Medial Tibial/Femoral Rotation
Hipp Adduction

35
Q

Surgical:
Lateral Release

A

release of lateral retinaculum
may include shortening medial fibers

36
Q

Surgical:
Patellar Realignment

A

cutting and moving of tibial tubercle to change the angle of pull

Ortho Review (8 decks)

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