Thoracic spine Flashcards
Key features of thoracic vertebrae
Heart shaped body Small circular vertebral foramen Long SPs, overlap vertebrae below TPs facets for rib articulation Facet orientation- 60 degrees coronal Extra facets for rib articulation- superior, inferior + transverse
Name of ribs 1-7
True ribs- articulate directly with sternum
Name of ribs 8-10
False ribs- articulate with costal cartilage
Name of ribs 11-12
Floating ribs- articulate with vertebrae
Cartilaginous
Almost immoveable between bones
Bound by layer of cartilage
Symphysis
Place where two boned are closely joined
Forming immoveable joint (sternum completely fused)
Flexion ROM
20-45
Extension ROM
20-45
Side bending ROM
20-40
Rotation ROM
35-50
Limitations to movement
- SPs
- Ribs
- Ligamements
Movements at sternoclavicular joint
Protraction, retraction, rotation, elevation+ depression
Movements at acromioclavicular joint
Protraction, retraction, rotation, elevation+ depression
Movements at scapulothoracic joint
Protraction, retraction, int/ext rotation, elevation, depression
Movements at rib heads
Elevation, depression, glide, rotation
How to upper ribs move during respiration + which ribs
T1-T6 pump handle
How do middle ribs move during respiration + which ribs
T7-T10 bucket handle
How to lower ribs move during respiration + which ribs
T11-T12 calliper
Primary muscles for inspiration
Diaphragm Scalenes anterior Scalene medius Scalene posterior Levator rostrum Internal + external intercostals
Accessory movements for inspiration
Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Serratus anterior/posterior Pectroalis major/minor Subclavius
Primary muscles for expiration
Elastic recoil Internal obliques External obliques Rectus abdominals Transverse abdominals Transverse thoracic Transverse intercostals External intercostals Internal intercostals
Accessory muscles for expiration
Latissimus doors
Serratus posterior
Quadratus lumborum
Illiocstallis lumborum
Mechanism for breathing
- diaphragm contracts= thoracic enlarges
- scalene muscles elevate 1st/2nd rib
- ribs elevate passively
- thoracic cage enlarges
- increases in internal air pressure compared to atmospheric pressure
- air enters
- top of inspiration- inspiration muscles stop contracting
- muscle relaxation + elastic recoil= lungs shrink
- lung air pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure
- air expelled= expiration
Thoracic muscles for rotation
35-50
Obliques internus/externus
Deep erector spinae muscles
Levator costrum
Thoracic muscles for flexion
20-45
Rectus abdominalis
Obliques muscles
Psoas minor
Thoracic muscles for extension
25-45
Erector spinae group
Trapezius
Quadratus lumborum
Thoracic muscles for side bending
20-40 Superficial erector spinae Oblique muscles Psoas major Quadratus lumborum
