Thoracic region

Question 1

How many pairs of ribs do we have?

Answer 1

12

Question 2

What are the functions of the thoracic cage?

Answer 2

protection of vital organs
provides muscle attachments
assists respiration

Question 3

Name the atypical vertebra in the thoracic spine

Answer 3

T1
T10
T11
T12

Question 4

Why is T1 atypical?

Answer 4

this vertebra articulates with a single facet of its own rib

Question 5

Why are T10 and T11 atypical?

Answer 5

lack inferior demi-facets on their bodies

Question 6

Why are T11 and T12 atypical?

Answer 6

lack transverse costal facets, articulating only with the heads of their own ribs

Question 7

Describe the thoracic rule of 3’s

Answer 7

T1,2,3 -> SP=TP
T4,5,6 -> SP 1/2 level below TP
T7,8,9 -> SP 1 level below TP
T10 -> SP 1 level below TP
T11 -> SP 1/2 level below TP
T12 -> SP=TP

Question 8

Which are the true ribs?

Answer 8

upper 7 ribs

Question 9

Name the floating ribs

Answer 9

ribs 11 and 12

Question 10

What are the distinct features of rib 1?

Answer 10

flat, slopes inferiorly attaches to the manubrium, contains the scalene tubercle and 2 separate grooves

Question 11

What are the distinct features of rib 2?

Answer 11

like rib 1 but twice as long

Question 12

What are the distinct features of rib 10?

Answer 12

single facet, articulates with own vertebra

Question 13

What are the distinct features of ribs 11 and 12?

Answer 13

articulates only with own vertebra, no tubercles or necks

Question 14

What is the content of the intercostal spaces?

Answer 14

intercostal arteries and veins
intercostal nerve

Question 15

Name the muscles of the intercostal spaces

Answer 15

external intercostal
internal intercostal
innermost intercostal

Question 16

Name the joints between thoracic vertebra

Answer 16

intervertebral
facet/zygapophysial

Question 17

Name the joints between rib and spine

Answer 17

costovertebral
costotransverse

Question 18

Name the joints between cartilage and ribs/sternum

Answer 18

costochondral
interchondral
sternocostal

Question 19

Name the joints of the sternum

Answer 19

sternoclavicular
manubriosternal
xiphisternal

Question 20

What is the costovertebral joint between?

Answer 20

head of rib and costal facet on vertebral body

Question 21

What is the costotransverse joint between?

Answer 21

tubercle of rib with transverse process of vertebrae

Question 22

What is the costochondral joint between?

Answer 22

sternal end of rib and costal cartilage

Question 23

What is the interchondral joint between?

Answer 23

the costal cartilage of the last few ribs

Question 24

What type of joint is the sternocostal joint between rib 1 and manubrium?

Answer 24

fibrocartilaginous

Question 25

What type of joint is the sternocostal joints between upper 7 ribs and the sternum?

Answer 25

synovial

Question 26

Name the joints of the sternum

Answer 26

sternoclavicular manubriosternal xiphisternal

Question 27

What movement has the greatest range in the thoracic spine?

Answer 27

rotation

Question 28

What movements are more restricted in the thoracic spine?

Answer 28

flexion and lateral flexion

Question 29

Which spine is least mobile from cervical, thoracic and lumbar?

Answer 29

thoracic

Question 30

What type of joint is an intervertebral joint?

Answer 30

symphysis secondary cartilaginous

Question 31

What type of joint is a facet joint?

Answer 31

synovial plane

Question 32

What type of joint is a costochondral joint?

Answer 32

primary cartilaginous

Question 33

What type of joint is an interchondral joint?

Answer 33

synovial plane

Question 34

What type of joint is a sterno-clavicular joint?

Answer 34

saddle

Question 35

What type of joint is the manubrio-sternal joint?

Answer 35

symphysis

Question 36

What type of joint is a xiphisternal joint?

Answer 36

synchondrosis

Question 37

What muscles produce flexion in the trunk?

Answer 37

rectus abdominus external obliques internal obliques

Question 38

What muscles produce extension in the trunk?

Answer 38

Erector spinae iliocostalis longissimus spinalis multifidus interspinales

Question 39

Which muscles produce side flexion in the trunk?

Answer 39

erector spinae internal obliques external obliques multifidus intertransversus rectus abdominis

Question 40

Which muscle produce rotation in the trunk?

Answer 40

Internal obliques external obliques erector spinae rotatores rectus abdominis multifidus

Question 41

What are the accessory movements of the thoracic spine?

Answer 41

Central PA: Spinous process Unilateral PA: Transverse process Unilateral PA : rib angle