Thoracic region Flashcards
How many pairs of ribs do we have?
12
What are the functions of the thoracic cage?
protection of vital organs
provides muscle attachments
assists respiration
Name the atypical vertebra in the thoracic spine
T1
T10
T11
T12
Why is T1 atypical?
this vertebra articulates with a single facet of its own rib
Why are T10 and T11 atypical?
lack inferior demi-facets on their bodies
Why are T11 and T12 atypical?
lack transverse costal facets, articulating only with the heads of their own ribs
Describe the thoracic rule of 3’s
T1,2,3 -> SP=TP
T4,5,6 -> SP 1/2 level below TP
T7,8,9 -> SP 1 level below TP
T10 -> SP 1 level below TP
T11 -> SP 1/2 level below TP
T12 -> SP=TP
Which are the true ribs?
upper 7 ribs
Name the floating ribs
ribs 11 and 12
What are the distinct features of rib 1?
flat, slopes inferiorly attaches to the manubrium, contains the scalene tubercle and 2 separate grooves
What are the distinct features of rib 2?
like rib 1 but twice as long
What are the distinct features of rib 10?
single facet, articulates with own vertebra
What are the distinct features of ribs 11 and 12?
articulates only with own vertebra, no tubercles or necks
What is the content of the intercostal spaces?
intercostal arteries and veins
intercostal nerve
Name the muscles of the intercostal spaces
external intercostal
internal intercostal
innermost intercostal
Name the joints between thoracic vertebra
intervertebral
facet/zygapophysial
Name the joints between rib and spine
costovertebral
costotransverse
Name the joints between cartilage and ribs/sternum
costochondral
interchondral
sternocostal
Name the joints of the sternum
sternoclavicular
manubriosternal
xiphisternal
What is the costovertebral joint between?
head of rib and costal facet on vertebral body
What is the costotransverse joint between?
tubercle of rib with transverse process of vertebrae
What is the costochondral joint between?
sternal end of rib and costal cartilage
What is the interchondral joint between?
the costal cartilage of the last few ribs
What type of joint is the sternocostal joint between rib 1 and manubrium?
fibrocartilaginous
What type of joint is the sternocostal joints between upper 7 ribs and the sternum?
synovial
Name the joints of the sternum
sternoclavicular
manubriosternal
xiphisternal
What movement has the greatest range in the thoracic spine?
rotation
What movements are more restricted in the thoracic spine?
flexion and lateral flexion
Which spine is least mobile from cervical, thoracic and lumbar?
thoracic
What type of joint is an intervertebral joint?
symphysis
secondary cartilaginous
What type of joint is a facet joint?
synovial plane
What type of joint is a costochondral joint?
primary cartilaginous
What type of joint is an interchondral joint?
synovial plane
What type of joint is a sterno-clavicular joint?
saddle
What type of joint is the manubrio-sternal joint?
symphysis
What type of joint is a xiphisternal joint?
synchondrosis
What muscles produce flexion in the trunk?
rectus abdominus
external obliques
internal obliques
What muscles produce extension in the trunk?
Erector spinae
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
multifidus
interspinales
Which muscles produce side flexion in the trunk?
erector spinae
internal obliques
external obliques
multifidus
intertransversus
rectus abdominis
Which muscle produce rotation in the trunk?
Internal obliques
external obliques
erector spinae
rotatores
rectus abdominis
multifidus
What are the accessory movements of the thoracic spine?
Central PA: Spinous process
Unilateral PA: Transverse process
Unilateral PA : rib angle
