cervical muscles

Question 1

What are the two distinct areas of the cervical spine?

Answer 1

upper cervical spine (sub-occipital region)
lower cervical spine (cervical region)

Question 2

What are the movements of the cervical spine?

Answer 2

protraction/retraction
flexion/extension
lateral flexion
rotation

Question 3

Name the superficial muscles of the cervical region

Answer 3

upper trapezius, levator scapulae, sternocleidomastoid

Question 4

Name the deep muscle of the cervical spine

Answer 4

erector spinae

Question 5

Name the deep neck flexors

Answer 5

rectus capitis lateralis and anterior
longus colli
longus capitus

Question 6

Name the sub-occipital muscles

Answer 6

rectus capitis posterior minor and major
obliquus capitis superior and inferior

Question 7

Name the segmental muscles of the cervical spine

Answer 7

multifidus, semispinalis, rotatores, interspinales, intertransversus

Question 8

Name the flexors of the cervical spine

Answer 8

sternocleidomastoid
anterior scalenes
longus colli

Question 9

Name the extensors of the cervical spine

Answer 9

levator scapulae
upper trapezius
erector spinae
splenius cervicis
splenius capitis
rectus capitis posterior major/minor
obliques capitis superior/inferior

Question 10

Name the lateral flexors of the cervical spine

Answer 10

scalenes - anterior, middle, posterior
sternocleidomastoid
upper trapezius
erector spinae
splenius cervicis
splenius capitis

Question 11

Name the rotators of the cervical spine

Answer 11

sternocleidomastoid
anterior scalenes
Splenius Capitis
Splenius Cervicis
semispinalis Cervicis

Question 12

Describe the position of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 12

runs on the anterior and lateral aspect of the neck
Close to the midline anteriorly

Question 13

What muscle forms the boundary for both anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

Answer 13

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 14

Where are the proximal attachments of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 14

sternal head - upper anterior surface of manubrium
clavicular head - superior surface, medial 1/3 clavicle

Question 15

Where are the distal attachments of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 15

lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line
lateral surface mastoid process

Question 16

What are the actions of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 16

bilaterally - cervical flexion
unilaterally - ipsilateral side flexion, contralateral rotation
accessory muscle of respiration

Question 17

What is the nerve supply of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 17

Accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)
Anterior rami C2-3

Question 18

What is the proximal attachment of longus capitis?

Answer 18

transverse processes C3-6

Question 19

What is the distal attachment of longus capitis?

Answer 19

inferior surface occipital bone

Question 20

What are the actions of longus capitis?

Answer 20

flexes head and neck

Question 21

What is the nerve supply of longus capitis?

Answer 21

anterior rami C1-3

Question 22

What are the proximal attachments of longus colli?

Answer 22

anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-5
anterior surface vertebral bodies C5-T3

Question 23

What are the distal attachments of longus colli?

Answer 23

Tubercle of anterior arch of atlas
anterior tubercles of transverse processes C5-6
anterior surface vertebral bodies C2-4

Question 24

What are the actions of longus colli?

Answer 24

cervical flexion
slight ipsilateral side flexion, contralateral rotation

Question 25

What is the nerve supply for longus colli?

Answer 25

anterior rami C1-3

Question 26

Where do rectus capitis anterior and lateralis run?

Answer 26

both run from atlas to occiput

Question 27

What do rectus capitis anterior and lateralis do?

Answer 27

Deep flexors at C0-C1 stabilisers at C0-C1

Question 28

What is the nerve supply of rectus capitis anterior and lateralis?

Answer 28

anterior rami C1-2

Question 29

What are the posterior attachments for scalenes?

Answer 29

posterior tubercles on transverse processes C4-7 upper surface of rib 2

Question 30

What are the middle attachments for scalenes?

Answer 30

transverse processes C2-7 upper surface of rib 1 (posterior to subclavian groove)

Question 31

What are the anterior attachments for scalenes?

Answer 31

anterior tubercles on transverse processes C3-6 scalene tubercle and upper surface of rib 1

Question 32

What are the anterior attachments for scalenes?

Answer 32

anterior tubercles on transverse processes C3-6 scalene tubercle and upper surface of rib 1

Question 33

What are the actions of scalenes?

Answer 33

elevation of ribs 1 and 2 cervical side flexion cervical flexion

Question 34

What is the nerve supply of scalenes?

Answer 34

posterior - anterior rami C5-7 middle - anterior rami C3-7 anterior - anterior rami C4-7

Question 35

What are the proximal attachments of levator scapulae?

Answer 35

upper portion, medial border of scapula

Question 36

What are the distal attachments of levator scapulae?

Answer 36

transverse processes of C1-C4

Question 37

What are the actions of levator scapulae?

Answer 37

elevates scapula cervical extension (bilateral) cervical side flexion (unilateral

Question 38

What is the nerve supply of levator scapulae?

Answer 38

dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5) Anterior rami

Question 39

What are the proximal attachments of the upper trapezius?

Answer 39

superior nuchal line external occipital protuberance ligamentum nuchae

Question 40

What are the distal attachments of the upper trapezius?

Answer 40

lateral 1/3 clavicle

Question 41

What are the actions of the upper trapezius?

Answer 41

scapula elevation cervical side flexion (unilateral) cervical extension (bilateral)

Question 42

What is the nerve supply of the upper trapezius?

Answer 42

Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

Question 43

What are the proximal attachments for splenius cervicis?

Answer 43

spinous processes T3-6

Question 44

What are the distal attachments of splenius cervicis?

Answer 44

transverse processes C1-3

Question 45

What are the actions of splenius cervicis?

Answer 45

cervical extension (bilateral) ipsilateral cervical rotation (unilateral)

Question 46

What is the nerve supply for splenius cervicis?

Answer 46

posterior rami lower cervical nerves

Question 47

What are the proximal attachments of splenius capitis?

Answer 47

lower 1/2 ligamentum nuchae spinous processes C7-T4

Question 48

What are the distal attachments of splenius capitis?

Answer 48

mastoid process skull inferior to lateral 1/3 superior nuchal line

Question 49

What are the actions of splenius capitis?

Answer 49

cervical extension (bilateral) ipsilateral cervical rotation (unilateral)

Question 50

What is the nerve supply of splenius capitis?

Answer 50

posterior rami middle cervical nerves

Question 51

What are the suboccipital muscles?

Answer 51

small group of deep muscles in upper cervical region they connect C1, C2 and occiput

Question 52

Name the suboccipital muscles

Answer 52

rectus capitis posterior major (C2- occiput) rectus capitis posterior minor (C1- occiput) obliquus capitis superior (C1 - occiput) obliquus capitis inferior (C2-C1)

Question 53

What are the actions of Rectus capitis posterior major?

Answer 53

extends head (bilateral) ipsilateral rotation of head (unilateral)

Question 54

What is the action of Rectus capitis posterior minor?

Answer 54

extends head

Question 55

What are the actions of obliquus capitis superior?

Answer 55

extends head (bilateral) ipsilateral side flexion (unilateral)

Question 56

What is the action of obliquus capitis inferior?

Answer 56

Cervical extension

Question 57

What is the nerve supply of the suboccipital muscles?

Answer 57

posterior ramus C1

Question 58

Where is semispinalis located?

Answer 58

transverse processes to spinous processes

Question 59

Where is rotatores located?

Answer 59

articular process to spinous process

Question 60

Where is multifidus found?

Answer 60

articular processes to spinous processes

Question 61

Where is interspinalis found?

Answer 61

spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

Question 62

Where is intertransversarii found?

Answer 62

transverse process of adjacent vertebrae

Question 63

What is the common origin of erector spinae?

Answer 63

sacrum spinous processes T11-L5 and their supraspinous ligaments iliac crest

Question 64

What is the origin of illiocostalis?

Answer 64

common origin

Question 65

Where does iliocostalis insert?

Answer 65

rib angles transverse processes C4-7

Question 66

What is the origin of longissimus?

Answer 66

blends with iliocostalis transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Question 67

Where does longissimus insert?

Answer 67

Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae and C2-6

Question 68

What is the origin of spinalis?

Answer 68

spinous processes T10-L2ligamentum nuchae spinous process C7