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axial anatomy > cervical muscles > Flashcards

cervical muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two distinct areas of the cervical spine?

A

upper cervical spine (sub-occipital region)
lower cervical spine (cervical region)

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2
Q

What are the movements of the cervical spine?

A

protraction/retraction
flexion/extension
lateral flexion
rotation

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3
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the cervical region

A

upper trapezius, levator scapulae, sternocleidomastoid

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4
Q

Name the deep muscle of the cervical spine

A

erector spinae

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5
Q

Name the deep neck flexors

A

rectus capitis lateralis and anterior
longus colli
longus capitus

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6
Q

Name the sub-occipital muscles

A

rectus capitis posterior minor and major
obliquus capitis superior and inferior

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7
Q

Name the segmental muscles of the cervical spine

A

multifidus, semispinalis, rotatores, interspinales, intertransversus

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8
Q

Name the flexors of the cervical spine

A

sternocleidomastoid
anterior scalenes
longus colli

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9
Q

Name the extensors of the cervical spine

A

levator scapulae
upper trapezius
erector spinae
splenius cervicis
splenius capitis
rectus capitis posterior major/minor
obliques capitis superior/inferior

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10
Q

Name the lateral flexors of the cervical spine

A

scalenes - anterior, middle, posterior
sternocleidomastoid
upper trapezius
erector spinae
splenius cervicis
splenius capitis

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11
Q

Name the rotators of the cervical spine

A

sternocleidomastoid
anterior scalenes
Splenius Capitis
Splenius Cervicis
semispinalis Cervicis

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12
Q

Describe the position of sternocleidomastoid

A

runs on the anterior and lateral aspect of the neck
Close to the midline anteriorly

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13
Q

What muscle forms the boundary for both anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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14
Q

Where are the proximal attachments of sternocleidomastoid?

A

sternal head - upper anterior surface of manubrium
clavicular head - superior surface, medial 1/3 clavicle

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15
Q

Where are the distal attachments of sternocleidomastoid?

A

lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line
lateral surface mastoid process

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16
Q

What are the actions of sternocleidomastoid?

A

bilaterally - cervical flexion
unilaterally - ipsilateral side flexion, contralateral rotation
accessory muscle of respiration

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17
Q

What is the nerve supply of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)
Anterior rami C2-3

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18
Q

What is the proximal attachment of longus capitis?

A

transverse processes C3-6

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19
Q

What is the distal attachment of longus capitis?

A

inferior surface occipital bone

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20
Q

What are the actions of longus capitis?

A

flexes head and neck

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21
Q

What is the nerve supply of longus capitis?

A

anterior rami C1-3

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22
Q

What are the proximal attachments of longus colli?

A

anterior tubercles of transverse processes C3-5
anterior surface vertebral bodies C5-T3

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23
Q

What are the distal attachments of longus colli?

A

Tubercle of anterior arch of atlas
anterior tubercles of transverse processes C5-6
anterior surface vertebral bodies C2-4

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24
Q

What are the actions of longus colli?

A

cervical flexion
slight ipsilateral side flexion, contralateral rotation

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25
Q

What is the nerve supply for longus colli?

A

anterior rami C1-3

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26
Q

Where do rectus capitis anterior and lateralis run?

A

both run from atlas to occiput

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27
Q

What do rectus capitis anterior and lateralis do?

A

Deep flexors at C0-C1
stabilisers at C0-C1

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28
Q

What is the nerve supply of rectus capitis anterior and lateralis?

A

anterior rami C1-2

29
Q

What are the posterior attachments for scalenes?

A

posterior tubercles on transverse processes C4-7
upper surface of rib 2

30
Q

What are the middle attachments for scalenes?

A

transverse processes C2-7
upper surface of rib 1 (posterior to subclavian groove)

31
Q

What are the anterior attachments for scalenes?

A

anterior tubercles on transverse processes C3-6
scalene tubercle and upper surface of rib 1

32
Q

What are the anterior attachments for scalenes?

A

anterior tubercles on transverse processes C3-6
scalene tubercle and upper surface of rib 1

33
Q

What are the actions of scalenes?

A

elevation of ribs 1 and 2
cervical side flexion
cervical flexion

34
Q

What is the nerve supply of scalenes?

A

posterior - anterior rami C5-7
middle - anterior rami C3-7
anterior - anterior rami C4-7

35
Q

What are the proximal attachments of levator scapulae?

A

upper portion, medial border of scapula

36
Q

What are the distal attachments of levator scapulae?

A

transverse processes of C1-C4

37
Q

What are the actions of levator scapulae?

A

elevates scapula
cervical extension (bilateral)
cervical side flexion (unilateral

38
Q

What is the nerve supply of levator scapulae?

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5)
Anterior rami

39
Q

What are the proximal attachments of the upper trapezius?

A

superior nuchal line
external occipital protuberance
ligamentum nuchae

40
Q

What are the distal attachments of the upper trapezius?

A

lateral 1/3 clavicle

41
Q

What are the actions of the upper trapezius?

A

scapula elevation
cervical side flexion (unilateral)
cervical extension (bilateral)

42
Q

What is the nerve supply of the upper trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

43
Q

What are the proximal attachments for splenius cervicis?

A

spinous processes T3-6

44
Q

What are the distal attachments of splenius cervicis?

A

transverse processes C1-3

45
Q

What are the actions of splenius cervicis?

A

cervical extension (bilateral)
ipsilateral cervical rotation (unilateral)

46
Q

What is the nerve supply for splenius cervicis?

A

posterior rami lower cervical nerves

47
Q

What are the proximal attachments of splenius capitis?

A

lower 1/2 ligamentum nuchae
spinous processes C7-T4

48
Q

What are the distal attachments of splenius capitis?

A

mastoid process
skull inferior to lateral 1/3 superior nuchal line

49
Q

What are the actions of splenius capitis?

A

cervical extension (bilateral)
ipsilateral cervical rotation (unilateral)

50
Q

What is the nerve supply of splenius capitis?

A

posterior rami middle cervical nerves

51
Q

What are the suboccipital muscles?

A

small group of deep muscles in upper cervical region
they connect C1, C2 and occiput

52
Q

Name the suboccipital muscles

A

rectus capitis posterior major (C2- occiput)
rectus capitis posterior minor (C1- occiput)
obliquus capitis superior (C1 - occiput)
obliquus capitis inferior (C2-C1)

53
Q

What are the actions of Rectus capitis posterior major?

A

extends head (bilateral)
ipsilateral rotation of head (unilateral)

54
Q

What is the action of Rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

extends head

55
Q

What are the actions of obliquus capitis superior?

A

extends head (bilateral) ipsilateral side flexion (unilateral)

56
Q

What is the action of obliquus capitis inferior?

A

Cervical extension

57
Q

What is the nerve supply of the suboccipital muscles?

A

posterior ramus C1

58
Q

Where is semispinalis located?

A

transverse processes to spinous processes

59
Q

Where is rotatores located?

A

articular process to spinous process

60
Q

Where is multifidus found?

A

articular processes to spinous processes

61
Q

Where is interspinalis found?

A

spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

62
Q

Where is intertransversarii found?

A

transverse process of adjacent vertebrae

63
Q

What is the common origin of erector spinae?

A

sacrum spinous processes T11-L5 and their supraspinous ligaments
iliac crest

64
Q

What is the origin of illiocostalis?

A

common origin

65
Q

Where does iliocostalis insert?

A

rib angles
transverse processes C4-7

66
Q

What is the origin of longissimus?

A

blends with iliocostalis
transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

67
Q

Where does longissimus insert?

A

Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae and C2-6

68
Q

What is the origin of spinalis?

A

spinous processes T10-L2ligamentum nuchae
spinous process C7

axial anatomy (7 decks)

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