the lumbar spine - week 3 Flashcards by Jenna Mowatt

What 3 distinct components does the intervertebral disc consist of?

a central nucleus pulposus
a peripheral annulus fibrosus
two vertebral endplates

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What are the 6 main ligaments within the spine?

anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flavum
supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament
intertransverse ligament

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Which ligaments are long ligaments that run the length of the vertebral column, covering the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs?

Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments

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What does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

extension

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What does the posterior longitudinal ligament limit?

flexion

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Describe ligamentum flavum

It is a short but thick ligament that connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae from C2 to S1

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What is ligamentum flavum like in the neck region?

thin but broad and long

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Where is ligamentum flavum thickest?

lumbar region

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What does ligamentum flavum limit?

flexion

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Where does the supraspinous ligament originate?

it originates from C7 vertebra

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Where does the supraspinous ligament terminate?

sacrum

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What does the supraspinous ligament limit?

flexion

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What does the interspinous ligament fibres connect to?

Anteriorly its fibres connect with ligamentum flavum, whilst posteriorly its fibres connect with the supraspinous ligament

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What are the interspinous ligaments like in the thoracic region?

narrow and elongated

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What are the interspinous ligaments like in the lumbar region?

broader, thicker and quadrilateral in form

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What are interspinous ligaments like in the neck?

only slightly developed
They are often considered part of the nuchal ligament

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What do the interspinous ligaments limit?

flexion

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Where are the intertransverse ligaments?

They are placed between the transverse processes of the spine

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What are the intertransverse ligaments like in the cervical region?

They consist of a few irregular, scattered fibres that are often replaced by muscles

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What are intertransverse ligaments like in the thoracic region?

They are rounded cords intimately connected with the deep muscles of the back

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What are the intertransverse ligaments like in the lumbar region?

they are thin and membranous

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What do the intertransverse muscles often blend with?

Intertransverse muscles

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What do the intertransverse muscles limit?

limit lateral flexion of the spine

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What movements occur at the lumbar spine?

flexion
extension
rotation
lateral flexion

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In which area of the lumbar spine is their more flexion?

in lower segments L4/5, L5/S1

What is the approximate ROM for flexion in the lumbar spine?

50-60 degrees

What is the approximate ROM for extension in the lumbar spine?

30 degrees

What is the approximate ROM of side flexion in the lumbar spine?

25 degrees

What amount of rotation is available at each segmental level of the lumbar spine?

1 degree

What is rotation limited by in the lumbar spine?

orientation of the facet joints

Describe the position of the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia

superficial to erector spinae and attached to spinous processes

Describe the position of the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia

between erector spinae and quadratus lumborum, attached to transverse tips

Describe the position of the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia

deep to quadratus lumborum, attached to anterior of transverse process

Where does the external oblique originate?

muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower eight ribs

Where does the external oblique insert?

lateral lip of the iliac crest aponeurosis ending in midline raphe (Linea alba)

What are the actions of the external oblique?

compress abdominal contents both muscles flex trunk each muscle bends trunk to same side, turning anterior part of abdomen to opposite side

What is the nerve supply of the external oblique?

anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves

What are the origins of the internal oblique?

thoracolumbar fascia iliac crest between origins of external oblique and transversus abdominis lateral two thirds of inguinal ligament

What are the insertions of the internal oblique?

inferior border of the lower three or four ribs aponeurosis ending in Linea alba pubic crest and pectineal line

What are the actions of the internal oblique?

compress abdominal contents both muscles flex trunk each muscle bends trunk and turns anterior part of abdomen to same side

What is the nerve supply of the internal oblique?

anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12) and L1

Where is the internal oblique in comparison to the external oblique?

lies slightly deeper to external oblique

Where does the transverse abdominus originate?

thoracolumbar fascia medial lip of iliac crest lateral one third of inguinal ligament; costal cartilages lower six ribs

Where does the transverse abdominus insert?

aponeurosis ending in linea alba pubic crest and pectineal line

What is the action of the transverse abdominus?

compress abdominal contents

What is the nerve supply of the transverse abdominus?

anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T 12) and L1

What are the origins of rectus abdominus?

pubic crest pubic tubercle pubic symphysis

What are the insertions of rectus abdominus?

costal cartilages of ribs 5 to 7 xiphoid process

What are the actions of rectus abdominus?

compress abdominal contents flex vertebral column tense abdominal wall

What is the nerve supply of rectus abdominus?

anterior rami mainly of the lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12)

What are the functions of the abdominals?

trunk movement sitting up from lying, getting out of bed protection of the abdominal viscera spinal stabilisation abdominal pressure for: -forced expiration -micturition -defecation -parturition -vomiting

What is the origin of quadratus lumborum?

posterior border of iliac crest

What are the insertions for quadratus lumborum?

inferior border of 12th rib and L1-L5

What are the actions of Quadratus Lumborum?

muscle of inspiration ipsilateral side flexion lumbar extension (both acting)

What is the nerve supply for quadratus lumborum?

ventral rami T12-L4

What is the name of the largest group of intrinsic back muscles?

erector spinae

What is the nerve supply of erector spinae?

dorsal rami of adjacent thoracolumbar nerves

Where does semispinalis originate?

Transverse processes of T6 to T10

Where does semispinalis insert?

spinous processes of upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae

Where does multifidus originate?

sacrum origin of erector spinae posterior superior iliac spine mamillary processes of lumbar vertebrae transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae articular processes of lower four cervical vertebrae

Where does multifidus insert?

base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from L5 to C2