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Thoracic Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Protractors of the thoracic limb

A

Brachiocephalicus (cleidomastoideus, cleidocervicalis, & cleidobrachialis); Trapezius (cervicis & thoracis); Omotransversarius

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2
Q

Cleidomastoideus

A

F: protractor; depresses head & neck
O: clavicular tendon
I: mastoid process of temporal bone

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3
Q

Cleidocervicalis

A

F: protractor; depresses head & neck
O: clavicular tendon
I: dorsal neck of fibrous raphe & nuchal occipital bone

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4
Q

Cleidobrachialis

A

F: protractor; extends shoulder
O: clavicular tendon
I: distal part of cranial humerus

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5
Q

Trapezius cervicis

A

F: protactor; elevates scapula & abducts limb
O: median fibrous raphe neck
I: (aponeurosis) cranial scapular spine

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6
Q

Trapezius thoracis

A

F: protractor; elevates scapula & abducts limb
O: supraspinous ligament
I: (aponeurosis) caudal scapular spine

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7
Q

Omotransversarius

A

F: protractor
O: caudal wing of atlas
I: distal part of scapular spine/ acromion process

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8
Q

Retractors of the thoracic limb

A

Latissimus dorsi; Rhomboideus (cervicis, capitis, & thoracis); Serratus ventralis (cervicis & thoracis); Superficial Pectoral (Pectoralis descendens & Pectoralis transversus); Deep Pectoral

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9
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

F: retractor; flexes shoulder
O: (aponeurosis) thoraco-lumbar fascia/ last few ribs
I: teres major tuberosity

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10
Q

Rhomboideus cervicis

A

F: retractor; elevates scapula; abducts limb; draws scapula medially towards trunk
O: median fibrous raphe of the neck
I: medial dorsal border of scapula

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11
Q

Rhomboideus capitis

A

F: retractor; elevates scapula; abducts limbs
O: nuchal crest of occipital bone
I: medial to dorsal border of scapula

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12
Q

Rhomboideus thoracis

A

F: retractor; elevates scapula; abducts limb; draws scapula medially towards trunk
O: spinous process of thoracic vertebrae
I: medial to dorsal border of scapula

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13
Q

Serratus ventralis cervicis

A

F: retractor; “sling” muscle; depresses scapula
O: transverse process of cervical vertebrae
I: medial aspect of scapula; facies serrata

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14
Q

Serratus verntralis thoracis

A

F: retractor; “sling” muscle; depresses scapula
O: ribs
I: medial aspect of scapula; facies serrata

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15
Q

Pectoralis descendens

A

F: retractor; protracts & adducts limb; rotates humerus medially
O: manubrium sterni 2nd-3rd sternebrae
I: greater tubercle of humerus

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16
Q

Pectoralis transversus

A

F: retractor; adducts & rotates humerus medially
O: manubrium sterni 2nd-3rd sternebrae
I: greater tubercle of humerus

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17
Q

Deep pectoral

A

F: retractor; pulls trunk cranially; extends shoulder
O: ventral sternum
I: (aponeurosis) greater & lesser tubercle of humerus

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18
Q

Extensors of the shoulder

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, & Corocobrachialis

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19
Q

Supraspinatus

A

F: extends shoulder; stabilizes shoulder joint
O: supraspinous fossa
I: greater & lesser tubercle of humerus

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20
Q

Infraspinatus

A

F: extends shoulder; abducts shoulder; rotates humerus; flexes shoulder (when non-weight bearing)
O: infraspinous fossa
I: greater tubercle of humerus

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21
Q

Subscapularis

A

F: extends shoulde; adducts shoulder; helps stabilize shoulder joint
O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus

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22
Q

Corocobrachialis

A

Capsular muscle
F: extends shoulder; adducts shoulder; helps stabilize shoulder joint
O: corocoid process of scapula
I: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

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23
Q

Notes on Supraspinatus muscle tendons

A

splits to reach both insertion sites

tendons help compensate for weak collateral ligaments

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24
Q

Notes on Infraspinatus muscle tendons

A

bursa found underneath it

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25
Q

Flexors of the shoulder

A

Deltoideus (Acromion & Scapular parts); Teres major; Teres minor

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26
Q

Deltoideus acromion part

A

F: flexes shoulder
O: acromion process
I: deltoid tuberosity

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27
Q

Deltoideus scapualar part

A

F: flexes shoulder
O: (aponeurosis) scapular spine
I: deltoid tuberosity

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28
Q

Teres major

A

F: flexes shoulder; medially rotates humerus
O: proximal caudal border of scapula
I: teres major tuberosity

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29
Q

Teres minor

A

Capsular muscle
F: flexes shoulder; laterally rotates humerus
O: (aponeurosis) infraglenoid tubercle & distal caudal border of scapula
I: teres minor tuberosity

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30
Q

Elbow extensors

A

Triceps brachii (Long Head, Lateral Head, Medial Head, & Intermediate/ Accessory Head); Tensor fascia antebrachia; Anconeus

31
Q

Long Head of Triceps brachii

A

F: extends elbow; flexes shoulder
O: distal caudal border of scapula
I: olecranon process

32
Q

Lateral Head of Triceps brachii

A

F: extends elbow
O: tricipital line
I: olecranon process

33
Q

Medial Head of Triceps brachii

A

F: extends elbow
O: proximal end/ crest of lesser tubercle
I: olecranon process

34
Q

Intermediate/ Accessory Head of Triceps brachii

A

F: extends elbow
O: proximal end/ neck of humerus
I: olecranon process

35
Q

Tensor fascia antebrachia

A

F: extends elbow; tenses antebrachial fascia
O: fascia on lateral surface of Latissimus dorsi
I: olecranon process

36
Q

Anconeus

A

Capsular muscle
F: extends elbow; tenses antebrachial fascia
O: lateral supracondylar crest/ lateral & medial epicondyles
I: proximal lateral surface of ulna

37
Q

Note on Triceps brachii tendon

A

used in reflex test

38
Q

Elbow flexors

A

Brachialis & Biceps brachii

39
Q

Brachialis

A

F: flexes elbow
O: proximal caudal end of humerus
I: ulnar & radial tuberosities

40
Q

Biceps brachii

A

F: flexes elbow; extends shoulder
O: supraglenoid tubercle
I: ulnar & radial tuberosities

41
Q

Note on Brachialis

A

runs in brachial groove

42
Q

Note on Biceps brachii tendon

A

runs in bicipial groove
proximal tendon: tendinitis/ synovitis
distal tendon: biceps reflex test

43
Q

Antebrachium pronators & supinators

A

Supinator; Brachioradialis (supinator); Pronator teres; Pronator quadratus

44
Q

Supinator

A

F: supinates
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: proximal cranial surface of radius

45
Q

Brachioradialis

A

F: supinates
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: distal 1/3rd of radius

46
Q

Pronator teres

A

F: pronates; flexes elbow
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: proximal 1/3rd medial border of radius

47
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

F: pronates
O: fills space b/w ulna & radius medially
I: fills space b/w ulna & radius medially

48
Q

Note on supinator tendon

A

can develop sesamoids

49
Q

Craniolateral group muscles of antebrachium

A

Extensor carpi radialis; Common digital extensor; Lateral digital extensor; Extensor carpi ulnaris (Ulnaris lateralis); Abductor pollicis longus (Extensor carpi obliquus)

50
Q

Function of craniolateral group muscles of antebrachium

A

extend carpus and/or digits

51
Q

Extensor carpi radialis

A

F: extends carpus
O: lateral epicondylar crest of humerus
I: tuberoisity of II & III metacarpal bones

52
Q

Common digital extensor

A

F: extends carpus; extends digits
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: extensor processes on distal phalanx of all functional digits

53
Q

Lateral digital extensor

A

F: extends carpus; extends digits
O: extensor processes on middle phalanx of digits III IV & V

54
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris (Ulnaris lateralis)

A

F: extends carpus; flexes carpus when non-weight bearing
O: lateral epicondylar crest of humerus
I: V metacarpal bone & accessory carpal bone

55
Q

Abductor pollicis longus (Extensor carpi obliquus)

A

F: extends digit
O: lateral surface of ulna & radius; intraosseous membrane
I: digit I

56
Q

Note on Extensor carpi radialis

A

becomes tendinous at the carpus

57
Q

Note on Common digital extensor tendon

A

dorsal sesamoid bones develop as tendons pass over metacarpophalangeal joints

58
Q

Note on Abductor pollicis longus

A

found underneath the tendons of Common digital extensor & Lateral digital extensor. Single palmar sesamoid bone develops w/in this tendon

59
Q

Note on Interosseous muscles

A

on palmar aspect of metacarpal bones

paired palmar sesamoid bones develop w/in this tendon at the metacarpophalangeal joints

60
Q

Caudomedial muscles of the antebrachium

A

Flexor carpi radialis; Superficial Digital Flexor; Deep Digital Flexor (Humeral Head, Ulnar Head, & Radial Head); Flexor carpi ulnaris (Ulnar Head & Humeral Head)

61
Q

Function of Caudomedial muscles of the antebrachium

A

flex carpus and/or digits

62
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

F: flexes carpus
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: proximal extremity of II & III metacarpal bones

63
Q

Superficial Digital Flexor

A

F: flexes carpus; flexes digits
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: middle phalanx of all functional digits

64
Q

Deep Digital Flexor Humeral Head

A

F: flexes carpus; flexes digits
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: distal phalanx of digits I II III IV & V

65
Q

Deep Digital Flexor Ulnar Head

A

F: flexes carpus; flexes digits
O: proximal caudal border of ulna
I: distal phalanx of digits I II III IV & V

66
Q

Deep Digital Flexor Radial Head

A

F: flexes carpus; flexes digits
O: medial border, middle 1/3rd of radius
I: distal phalanx of digits I II III IV & V

67
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar Head

A

F: flexes carpus
O: olecranon process
I: accessory carpal bone

68
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris Humeral Head

A

F: flexes carpus
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: accessory carpal bone

69
Q

Note on Flexor carpi radialis tendon

A

secured by flexor retinaculum at carpus

70
Q

Note on Superficial Digital Flexor tendon

A

at carpus, courses outside of carpal canal but within the flexor retinaculum
at metacrapophalangeal joint, forms a sleeve through which the Deep Digital Flexor passes

71
Q

Note on Deep Digital Flexor tendon

A

at carpus, passes through carpal canal
not secured by flexor retinaculum
at metacarpophalangeal joint, passes through SDF sleeves

72
Q

Note on carpal canal

A

formed b/w accessory carpal bone laterally, carpal bones & palmar carpal ligament cranially, & flexor retinaculum caudally

73
Q

Note on flexor retinaculum

A

thick fibrous connective tissue that connects accessory carpal bone w/ medial aspect of the carpus

Anatomy (5 decks)

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