Musculoskeletal System: Cat Differences Flashcards
Clavicle
independent vestigial bone
palpable w/in Brachiocephalicus muscle
Scapula
cranial angle more curvved
scapular spine has a tuberosity
acromion process divided into hamate process & suprahamate process
corocoid process is well-developed & overhands glenoid cavity
Humerus
lateral tubercle of humerus has a fossa for the hamate process of scapula
supra-condylar foramen through which an artery & nerve pass
lateral epicondyle is rounded caudally & smaller
medial epicondyle is rounded caudally & ends abruptly
condyle is distinctively divided into medial trochlea & lateral capitulum
coronoid fossa in medial to radial fossa to accomoadate the medial coronoid process of the ulna
Radius & ulna
olecranon appears rectangular
body of ulna is convex along caudal border
wider space b/w bones (especially at distal end)
Wider space b/w radius & ulna for
pronounced supination & pronation
Manus
long bones relatively straighter
bone angles more acute
carpal organ
accessory carpal bone less elongated
What is the carpal organ
specialized cutanous body overlying the accessory bone
studded w/ sensory hairs like whiskers & whole pad resembles a nodule
Cleidobrachialis
extends farther down the humerus to insert on the ulna b/w the Biceps brachii & Brachialis muscles
Functional relevance of different attachments for Cleidobrachialis in cats
can flex the elbow
good for crouching & hunting
Trapezius thoracis
more developed in cats
Long Head of Triceps
covered by Tensor fascia antebrachia
Anconeus
better developed in cats
Brachialis
inserts only on the ulna
Biceps brachii
inserts only on the radius
Brachialis & biceps brachii are useful for what
pronation & supination
Brachioradialis
well developed in cats for supination
forms a rdige along the course of the cephalic vein
Pronator quadratus
larger gap b/w radius & ulna, so this muscle is larger
Advantage of larger Pronator quadratus
manipulation
Supinator
well developed in cat
rotation occurs in antebrachium, so paw also rotates
Advantage of Supinator
defense & offense
Extensor carpii radialis
tendons insert onto metacarpal tuberosity of II III IV metacarpal bones on cat
Additional attachments of extensor carpii radialis do what
allow for better paw movement
Lateral digital extensor
insertion occurs on extensor process of middle phalanx for all functional digits
Usefulness of small flexor, adductor, & abductor muscles of manus being better developed
diffusion of concussion when cats jump from a height
Deep digital flexor
protrude claws when climbing a tree or catching prey
contractile muscular power is greater than the elastic power of ligaments
radial & ulnar heads better developed
Why are radial & ulnar head of Deep Digital Flexor more developed in cats
flexion of distal interphalangeal joints to facilitate efficient claw protrusion
Dorsal elastic ligament
retractable claws
attaches b/w phalanx II & III
retracted claw brings III phalanx to lie to the side of the II phalanx
Pubis bone
wings of ilium are parallel
Femur
shaft is straighter than in dogs
Tibia, fibula, & bones of pes
retractable claws, otherwise similar
Cranial crural abductor or abductor crura cranialis
cranial part arises from the 2nd to 4th caudal vertebrae & merges w/ the aponeurosis of the tensor fasciae lata
Sartorius
undivided- no cranial & caudal parts
Sacrotuberous ligament
not in cats
Soleus muscle
well developed
lies lateral to Lateral Head of Gastrocnemius
contributes to the formation of the common calcanean tendon
arises from proximal part of the fibula
Tibal & Fibular heads of DDF
well developed
claw protrusion
Small muscles of pes
better developed
