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Joints Flashcards

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1
Q

Name for shoulder joint

A

scapulo-humeral joint

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2
Q

Structure of shoulder joint

A

ball & socket

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3
Q

Function of shoulder joint

A

hinge joint (cursorial specialization)

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4
Q

Joint capsule for scapulo-humeral joint

A

capacious & extends under the tendon of origin of the biceps brachii
thickened laterally & medially into collateral/ glenohumeral ligaments

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5
Q

Ligaments tht keeps biceps brachii tendon in place

A

transverse humeral ligament

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6
Q

Why are large tendons & muscles recruited for stability of the shoulder joint

A

shallow glenoid cavity & weak collateral ligaments

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7
Q

Muscles & tendons that help stabilize the shoulder joint

A

medially: subscapularis & corocobrachialis
laterally: infraspinatus & teres minor
craniomedially: supraspinatus & tendon of biceps brachii

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8
Q

Osteochondriosis dessicans

A

occurs in goldens, labs, Newfoundlands, Bernese Mtn dogs, & mixed breed

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9
Q

Osteroarthritis

A

any breed

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10
Q

Injuries related to shoulder joint

A

medial glenohumeral ligament injury
biceps tendonitis/ tenoynovitis
luxation/ dislocation of the shoulder joint

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11
Q

Although luxation/ dislocation of the shoulder joint is rare, what could cause it

A

injury to suprascapular nerve

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12
Q

Name for elbow joint

A

cubital jont (also a compound joint)

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13
Q

Joints that make up the elbow joint

A

humeroradial joint
humeroulnar joint
radioulnar joint

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14
Q

Joint in elbow that bears most of the weight

A

humeroradial joint

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15
Q

Part of humeroradial joint that bears most of the weight

A

capitulum of the humerus (lateral condyle)

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16
Q

Humeroulnar joint is formed b/w

A

trochlea of the humers (medial condyle)

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17
Q

Is the cubital joint stable

A

yes-> strong collateral ligaments

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18
Q

Ligaments of cubital joint

A 
medial & lateral collateral ligaments
oblique ligaments
olecranon ligament
annular ligament
interrosseus ligament
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19
Q

Medial & lateral collateral ligaments cubital joint

A

medial & lateral epicondyles to radius/ ulna

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20
Q

Oblique ligament

A

cranial to medial

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21
Q

Olecranon ligament

A

caudal, joins medial condyle to olecranon

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22
Q

Annular ligament

A

cranial to radius; stabilizes proximal radioulnar joint

allows for pronation & supination

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23
Q

Interosseus (radioulnar) ligaments

A

cover interosseous space b/w radius & ulna

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24
Q

How does the interosseous ligaments change as the dog ages

A

elastic -> collagen -> ossified tissue

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25
Anconeus muscle
covers margins of olecranon fossa of humerus & olecranon
26
Cubital joint illnesses
``` joint incongruity metabolic deficiencies fragmented coronoid process un-united/ fragmented anconeal process luxation/ dislocation of elbow joint ```
27
Fragmented coronoid process & un-united/ fragmented anconeal process common in what breeds
Goldens, Labs, Newfoundlands, Bernese Mtn dogs, & mixed breeds
28
Un-united anconeal process is especially common in German Shephards. What is a pre-disposing factor
ulnar distal growth injury
29
When can un-united anconeal proces be diagnosed
after 24 weeks
30
How would luxation/ dislocation of the elbow joint occur
forced medial impact on the forearm or a lateral impact on the arm in a flexed lebow could dislocate the radius & ulna LATERALLY
31
Does medial luxation of radius & ulna occur
RARE
32
Joints of the carpus
antebrachiocarpal joint middle carpal joint intercarpl joint carpometacarpal joint
33
Antebrachiocarpal joint
b/w antebrachial bones & proximal row of carpal bones
34
Middle carpal joint
b/w two rows of carpal bones
35
Intercarpal joints
b/w various carpal bones
36
Carpometacarpal joint
b/w distal row of carpals & metacarpals
37
Movement of carpus joints
occurs mainly at antebrachiocarpal joint & middle carpal joints
38
Approach for intra-articular injection
antebrachiocarpal & middle carpal joints
39
Ligaments of the carpus important features
different ligaments coverthe whole carpus & restrict movement on the median plan short collateral ligamens span the entire region
40
Flexor retinaculum on the palmar aspect helps to form what
carpal canal
41
Ligaments attach the accessory carpal bone to what
metacarpal IV & V
42
Rows of carpal bones & synovial fluid in joints helps to do what
diffuse concussion | important for when dogs/ cats jump from a height
43
Palmar seasmoids helps stabilize what
metacarpophalangela joint
44
Joints of the pelvic girdle
sacroiliac & pelvic symphsysis
45
Sacroiliac joint made of
combines synovial & cartilaginous (synchondrosis) joint
46
Pelvic symphysis made of
fibrocartilage (synchrondosis)
47
Combination of fibrocartilage & joint capsule of sacroiliac joint do what
provides a firm attachment b/w the bones w/ little movement & offers efficient shock absorption
48
Ligaments of pelvic girdle
``` dorsal & ventral sacroiliac ligaments sacrotuberous ligament (only in dogs) ```
49
Where does sacrotuberous ligament go
runs from caudo-lateral aspect of the sacrum & the first caudal vertebra to the ischiatic tuberosity forms caudo-dorsal border of lesser ischiatic foramen
50
Sacrotuberous ligament is the origin for what muscles
biceps femoris, superficial gluteus, priformis, & tenuissimus muscles
51
Clinical relevance of sacroiliac joint
may become disarticulated due to injury
52
Name for hip joint
Coxofemoral joint
53
Structure of hip joint
true ball-&-socket joint (enarthosis) allowing for a considerable range of movements
54
Acetabulum has an acetabular lip that has what
band of fibrocartilage around its rim
55
Transverse acetabular ligament
extesnion of acetubalr lip that covers the acetabulr notch
56
Ligament of the head of the femur/ round ligament of the hip
attaches b/w fovea capitis of femur to the acetabular fossa
57
Stability of coxofemoral joint
from the depth & extent of acetabulum plus the round ligament of the hip
58
Postion of hip determined by
greater trochanter
59
In a luxated/ dislocated hip joint, what happens
strong pull of deep gluteal muscle takes the greater trochanter craniodrosal to the acetabulum hence, luxated limb appears shorter
60
Do not call it "hip luxation"; instead say
luxation of the head of the femur or dislocation of the hip joint
61
Name for the knee joint
stifle joint
62
Joints that make up the stifle joint
femorotibial joint femoropatellar joint femorofabellar joint tibofibular joint
63
Femorotibial joint
medial & lateral fibrocartilaginous menisci b/w femoral & tibial condyles
64
Ligaments of the femorotibial joint
``` cranial & caudal ligaments meniscofemoral ligaments intermeniscal ligament collateral ligaments cruciate ligaments ```
65
Meniscofemoral ligament cranial or caudal
caudal
66
Intermeniscal ligament cranial or caudal
cranial
67
How do the menisci & tibia move in relation to one another during joint extension
menisci- caudally | tibia- cranially
68
Cranial (lateral) cruciate ligament
runs from caudomedial side of lateral femoral condyle, craniodistally to intercondyloid eminence of tibia
69
Caudal (medial) cruciate ligament
runs from medial condyle of femur, craniodistally to the caudomedial aspect of the popliteal notch on the tibia
70
How might the cranial (lateral) cruciate ligament rupture
upon extreme extension or inward rotation of the stifle joint; "cranial drawer"
71
How might the caudal (medial) cruciate ligament rupture
upon flexion of the stifle joint; "caudal drawer"
72
Cruciate ligaments tighten on inward rotation of the stifle on the femur & assist the collateral ligaments in what
limiting the joints movement
73
Femoropatellar joint
patella slides on teh femoral trochlea
74
"Patellar ligament" is a continuation of what that connects to the tibial tuberosity
Quadriceps femoris
75
Medial & lateral femoropatellar ligaments
connect the fabellae w/ the periosteum of the femoral condyles
76
Medial & lateral parapatellar fibrocartilages extend proximally over
dorsal border patella
77
Femorofabellar joint
formed b/w femoral condyles & fabella
78
Collateral femoropatellar ligaments
connect w/ femoral condyle & patella
79
Lateral fabella & tendon serve as an important site of anchorage for stifle joint stabilization during
cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction
80
Tibofibular proximal joint
b/w head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia
81
Tibofibular distal joint
b/w distal lateral surface of the tibia & lateral malleolus of the fibula
82
Tibofibular joint is fused how
short ligaments b/w bones & an interosseus ligament
83
Menisci compensate for what
incrongruent articular surfaces b/w femur & tibia/fibula
84
Joint capsule of stifle joint
all 4 joints share an extensive joint capsule
85
Approach for intra-articular injection
single site
86
Where is the stifle joint capsule
extends proximally under the patella, tendons of popliteus, Long Digital Extensor, fabellae, & tibiofibular joint
87
Clinical relavance of luxation of the patella
causes limb to be carried in an extended position
88
How does luxation of the patella occur
pull of Quadriceps glides patella over the femoral trochlea. If the pull of the Quadriceps does not coincide w/ the axis of the femoral trochlea, luxation occurs
89
Patella is commonly luxated where
over medial trochlear ridge
90
Ligametns of the tarsal joint
``` medial & lateral collateral ligaments transverse ligaments (extensor retinacula) long plantar ligament ```
91
Medial collateral ligament
from medial malleolus of tibia to metatarsal II
92
Lateral collateral ligament
from lateral malleolus of tibia to metatarsal V
93
Proximal transvere ligament (extensor retinaculum)
holds the tendons of long digital extensor, extesnor hallucis longus, & the cranial tibial
94
Distal transverse ligament (extensor retinaculum)
holds the tendons of long digital extensor
95
Long plantar ligament
attaches the tuber calcaneus to the 4th tarsal & the 4th/5th metatarsal
96
Long plantar ligament may rupture due to
over flexion of the hock or excessive strain | results in hock extension being lost
97
What runs over long plantar ligament
superficial digital flexor

Anatomy (5 decks)

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