Thoracic Cavity Flashcards
What do the lateral compartments contain?
Lungs and pleurae
What are the three compartments of the thoracic cavity?
Two lateral compartments - pulmonary cavities
One central compartment - mediastinum
What does the central compartment contain?
Heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and lymph nodes
What are the two membranes of the pleurae?
Visceral and parietal
What does the visceral pleurae cover?
Lungs
What does the parietal pleurae cover?
Pulmonary cavities
What are the four parts of the parietal pleurae?
Costal part, mediastinal part, diaphragmatic part, and the cervical pleurae
What is the pleural cavity?
The cavity between the visceral and parietal layer that contains serous fluid to help the layers of pleurae slide smoothly over each other during respiration
What are the three parts of the lungs?
Apex, three surfaces, and three borders
What are the three surfaces of each lung?
Costal, mediastinal, and diaphragmatic
What are the three borders of each lung?
Anterior, inferior, and posterior
What makes up the arrangement of the root of the lung?
Pulmonary artery, superior and inferior pulmonary veins, and the main bronchus
What are the two main bronchus of the lungs and how do they run?
Right - vertical (wider and shorter)
Left - inferolaterally
How many lobes do the right and left lungs have?
Right - 3
Left - 2
Vasculature of the lungs
1 pulmonary artery and 2 pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries
Carry de-oxygenated blood to the lungs
Pulmonary veins
Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
Where are parasympathetic ganglion cells located?
Pulmonary plexuses and along the branches of the bronchial tree
Where are sympathetic ganglion cells located?
Paravertebral sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic trunks
The esophagus is compressed by what three structures?
Aortic arch, left main bronchus, and diaphragm
Bronchial artery of right lung
Comes from the superiorposterior intercostal artery, common trunk from thoracic aorta, and left superior bronchial artery
Bronchial artery of left lung
Comes from the thoracic aorta
What is the orientation of the main bronchus and pulmonary artery for the right lung?
Pulmonary artery is anterior to the main bronchus
What is the orientation of the main bronchus and pulmonary artery for the left lung?
Pulmonary artery is anterior to the main bronchus
What are the two divisions of the mediastinum?
Superior and inferior mediastinum
What structures does the superior mediastinum contain?
SVC, brachiocephalic veins, arch of aorta, thoracic duct, trachea, esophagus, thymus, vagus nerves, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, and phrenic nerves
What are the three divisions of the inferior mediastinum?
Anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum
What structures does the anterior mediastinum contain?
Thymus, lymph nodes, fat, and connective tissue
What structures does the middle mediastinum contain?
Pericardium, heart, roots of the great vessels, arch of the azygos vein, and main bronchi
What structures does the posterior mediastinum contain?
Esophagus, thoracic aorta, azygos and hemiazygous veins, thoracic duct, vagus nerves, sympathetic trunks, and splanchnic nerves
What is the arterial supply of the pericardium?
Pericardiophrenic artery, (musculophrenic artery, bronchial, esophageal, and superior phrenic arteries, and coronary artery)
What is the venous drainage of the pericardium?
Pericardiacophrenic vein and tributaries of the azygous venous system
What is the nerve supply of the pericardium?
Phrenic nerve (C3-C5), vagus nerve (CN X), and sympathetic trunks
Impressions on the surface of the left lung
Aortic impression, cardiac notch, cardiac surface, and costal cartilages
Impressions on the surface of the right lung
Azygous impression, cardiac surface, and costal impressions
What is the ligament located on the lung?
Pulmonary ligament
What are the three parts of the diaphragm?
Sternal part, costal part, and lumbar part
What are the three diaphragmatic apertures?
Caval opening (for the IVC), esophageal hiatus (for the esophagus), and aortic hiatus (for the aorta)
What are the three branches of the arch of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian
