Heart Flashcards
What kind of blood does the left side of the body receive?
Oxygenated blood
What kind of blood does the right side of the heart receive?
De-oxygenated blood
What are the three layers of the heart?
Epicardium (visceral pericardium), myocardium, and endocardium
What are the four surfaces of the heart?
Anterior (sternocostal), diaphragmatic (inferior), left pulmonary, and right pulmonary surface
What are the four borders of the heart?
Right (slightly convex), inferior (horizontal), left (oblique), and superior borders
What are the four chambers of the heart?
RA, LA, RV, LV
What are the four auscultatory areas?
Pulmonary, aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves
What does the RCA supply?
RA, most of RV, part of the LV, part of IV septum, SA node, and AV node
What does the LCA supply?
LA, most of LV, part of RV, most of IV septum (including AV bundle), and SA node
Venous drainage of the heart
Coronary sinus
Lymphatic drainage of the heart
Subepicardial lymphatic plexus which ends in the inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes
Conducting system of the heart
SA node –> AV node –> AV bundle –> right and left bundle branches –>subendocardial branches (Purkinje fibers)
Where is the SA node located?
Right atrium
Innervation of the heart
Autonomic nerve fibers from superficial and deep cardiac plexuses
Sympathetic supply of the heart - fight or flight
Presynaptic fibers with cell bodies in the intermediolateral cell columns (lateral horns) of the superior 5 or 6 thoracic segments of the spinal cord and from postsynaptic sympathetic fibers with cell bodies in the cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunks
Parasympathetic supply of the heart
Presynaptic fibers of the vagus nerve (CN X)
What are the two branches of the right coronary artery?
Right marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery
What are the two branches of the left coronary artery?
Anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery
Flow of blood - deoxygenated blood
Heart receives oxygen poor blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae which collects in the RA and then travels to the RV after surpassing the tricuspid valve - the blood then surpasses the pulmonary semilunar valve and travels out of the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary artery to the lungs to get oxygenated
Flow of blood - oxygenated blood
Oxygenated blood travels back to the heart via the pulmonary veins and collects in the LA and surpasses the mitral valve to go to the LV - when pressure builds, the semilunar aortic valve rushes open and blood flows out of the aorta to systemic circulation
What do the coronary arteries supply?
Myocardium of the heart
When do the right and left coronary arteries fill?
After the tricuspid and mitral valves have closed since the coronary arteries sit superior to the valves and get closed off when they are open
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
Ligament that connects the aorta to the pulmonary trunk
What is the fossa ovalis?
Impression on the right atrium
What is the order of the structures extending from the mitral and tricuspid valves?
Cordae tendinae, papillary muscles, trabeculae carnae
What are the muscles on the atrial walls of the heart called?
Pectinate muscles
What do the veins of the heart empty into?
Coronary sinus
When do the AV valves open?
During diastole when the ventricles are filling
When do the SL valves open?
During systole when the ventricles contract to expel the blood out of the aorta
