Thoracic Cavity Flashcards
Describe the different landmarks on a vertebrae
What structures run just inferior to each rib in the costal groove?
The intercostal Vein, Artery and nerve
What muscle directly overlays the ribcage/ what muscles lie inbetween the ribs?
Serratus anterior = just anterior to ribcage
External intercostal, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal muscles = between ribs
How do you find the oblique fissure?
put their hand on their head and find spine of scapula - go medial to the spine = T4
Then, if you follow the 6th rib from there around the thorax to the sternum = the oblique fissure
How do you find the horizontal fissure of the lung?
it arises at the 4th costal cartilage and moves laterally to meet the oblique fissure at the mid-axillary line
is there a horizontal fissure on the left lung?
no- only an oblique fissure.
how many lobes are there in the right and left lung?
right lung = 3 lobes (upper, middle, and lower lobe)
Left lung = 2 lobes (upper and lower lobes)
Describe the plura surrounding the lungs
two types of plura - fibrous externally and serous internally
Serous pleura divided into the parietal and visceral pleura with potential space inbetween
What is the innervation to the pleura?
parietal pleura = phrenic/intercostal
visceral pleura = autonomic nervous system
where does the pleura extend from?
parietal pleura goes up behind your clavicle ( which is why your clavicle is resonant)
pleura extends down to the 12th rib (about an inch above your pelvis)
On surface anatomy, how do you determine where the pleura is and where the lungs are?
From Mid Clavicle, mid axillary, mid scapular lines…
pleura = 8th, 10th and 12th rib
lung = 6th, 8th, 10th rib (always about two inches above pleura
what is it called when air enters the pleural space?
pneumothorax - requires drainage of air
What structures enter the hilum of the lungs?
pulmonary artery, Bronchi, pulmonary veins
The trachea bifurcates at what level?
At T4
Describe the order of air flow through the lung tubules?
Trachea - Main Bronchus - Lobar Bronchus - Bronchioles- Alveoli
“Trust Me Lance Beats Armstrong”
What segment of the lung is vulnerable to collapse in cystic fibrosis?
bronchopulmonary segment - area of the lung supplied by a segmental bronchus and branch of pulmonary artery - share tributaries of pulmonary vein and lymphatics
What are the bronchopulmonary segments on the right lung?
“A PALM AM ALP”
- apical - posterior - anterior - lateral - medial - apical(superior basal) - medial basal - anterior basal - lateral basal - posterior basal
What muscles are accesory on inspiration?
external intercostal and pec major
what muscles are excessory for exhalation?
internal intercostals
what are the two layers of plura?
parietal/visceral
how far inferiorly can you find the plura?
plura goes = 8,10,12th ribs from mid clavicle, mid axila, mid scapular respectively
lung goes = 6,8,10th ribs from mid clavicle, mid axila, mid scapular respectively
what cuases a pneumothorax?
a puncture through the parietal plura (lots of negative pressure that sucks air in and collapses the lung)
At what vertebral level can we find the oblique fissure?
T4 follow down the 6th rib to the sternum
how many lobes does the right and left lung have?
right lung = 3 (horizontal fissure at CC4)
left lung = 2
