Great vessels, fetal circulation, changes at birth. Flashcards
what sort of murmer do you hear in a persistent truncus arteriosus?
a systolic murmer - always associated with a ventricular septal defect - membranous portion of septum fails to develop superiorly
what is tetrology of Fallot?
unequal division of the conus cordis - septum is too anterior
therefore it leads to a larger aorta but a very small pulmonary artery (pulmonary stenosis) - this leads to a LARGE ventricular septal defect
this is called an ‘overriding aorta’ which indicates that both blood from the right and left side ends up in the aorta -
This is a syanotic defect - the extent to which it is syanotic depends on the size of it
what do patients commonly do to improve symptoms of the tetralogy of Fallot?
they squat to improve symptoms - blood flow to the pulmonary vascular system is decreased - what happens is that when you squat you increase the pressure in the internal iliac and increase pressure in aorta - which means that more blood will be shunted to the pulmonary vessels instead of straight into the aorta - therefoer they are increasing their oxygenated blood levels
if the septum doesnt spiral what occurs?
then you get transposition of the great vessels - where blood from the right side to the atrium and blood from the left side goes to the lungs - it’s not compatable with life unless there is someother shunt present -
which arch of the initial embryonic vessels contributes to the carotids?
the 3rd arch - common carotid, proximal internal carotid, external carotid branches off 3rd arch
which arches of the early aortic arch system dissapear?
1st, 2nd, and 5th
what connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta in the embryo?
the ductus arteriosus
what nerve runs around the ligamentum arteriosum on the aorta?
the left recurrent pharyngeal nerve
what do you call it when the right dorsal aorta persists and the aorta is still combined below?
it is called a double aortic arch
Coarctation of the aorta is cyanotic or acyanotic?
coarctation of the aorta is half and half - the head is totally fine, but the lower peripheries don’t have the same concentration of oxygenated blood
what arteries do the vitelline arteries become?
they become the coeliac, the superior mesenteric and the inferior mesenteric
the umbilical arteries eventuallly become what ligaments?
the medial umbilical ligaments
the vitelline veins contribute to what strucutre of the body?
the liver buds get tangled up in them during developement - they help to form the hepatic sinusoids-
Right vitelline vein - becomes the portal vein
the left umbilical vein becomes what?
it is maintained in the ligamentum teres of th eliver
