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Cardiovascular and Respiratory > Breast, Pectoral Muscles, Clavipectoral Fascia. > Flashcards

Breast, Pectoral Muscles, Clavipectoral Fascia. Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of glands do the breasts contain?

A

mammary glands are exocrine glands

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2
Q

mammary glands are modified….?

A

modified sweat glands

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3
Q

what are the bumpy regions of the aoreolas?

A

they are montgomery tubercles

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4
Q

Is the entire breast subcutaneous?

A

No the tail of the breast goes through the deep fascia

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5
Q

Is the clavicle convex medially or laterally?

A

It is convex medially and concave laterally

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6
Q

At what vertebral level does the spine of the scapula sit at?

A

T3

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7
Q

what vertebral level does the inferior angle of the scapula sit at?

A

T7

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8
Q

what are the attachments for pectoralis major?

A
  • clavicular head
  • sternal head
  • intertubercular groove
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9
Q

What is the nerve supply to pec major?

A

the medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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10
Q

what actions does pec major allow?

A

should flexion, adduction and medial rotation

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11
Q

what is the nerve supply to pec minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve

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12
Q

what pierces the clavipectoral fascia ?

A

“CALL”

  • Cephalic Vein
  • thoracoACROMIAL artery
  • Lymphatics
  • Lateral Pectoral Nerve

*it has a vein, artery, nerve and lymph*

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13
Q

what does the clavipectoral fascia enclose?

A

it encloses the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscle

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14
Q

where does the serratus anterior attach?

A

it attaches to the upper 8 ribs and the anteromedial border of scapula

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15
Q

what is the nerve supply to the serratus anterior?

A

the long thoracic nerve of belle

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16
Q

how many lobes are there in a breast?

A

12-20

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17
Q

what is contained by the lobes of the breast?

A

the acini - which are clusters of epithelial cells which produce the milk

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18
Q

what muscles in the nipples allow for secretions?

A

circular and longitudinal muscles help with secreting breast milk

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19
Q

What are montgomery’s tubercles?

A

the are raised points on areola - sebaceous glands - they secrete sebum help ‘waterproof’ the nipple

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20
Q

where does the base of the breast extend from?

A

from the 2nd to the 6th costal cartilage

midclavicular line to the mid axillary line and lateral edge of sternum

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21
Q

what muscles does the breast directly overlie?

A

2/3rds of breast over pec major

1/3 of breast over serratus anterior

22
Q

where does the nipple sit in a skinny young male?

A

nipple is at the 4th intercostal space

23
Q

what are the suspensory ligaments in the breast called?

A

they are called the suspensory ligaments of cooper

24
Q

what structure is responsible for the ‘puckering’ sign of skin in breast cancer?

A

the tumor disrupting the suspensory ligaments of cooper - then makes a deformation in the skin of the breast

25
Q

at what stage of fetal development do breast buds begin to form?

A

they form at week 6 in the fetus

26
Q

mammary buds come from what type of embryological tissue?

A

ectoderm

27
Q

what embryological tissue does the ‘supporting tissue of the breast’ come from?

A

the mesenchyme

28
Q

what is the term for extra nipples?

A

polythelia

29
Q

what is the medical term for extra breast?

A

polymastia

30
Q

what occurs to the breasts during pregnancy?

A
  • breasts increase in size during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy
  • areola darkening
  • montgomery tubercles of areola increase
  • the intralobular ducts develop and lead to the formation of the acini cells in the glandular tissue- which produce milk
31
Q

what occurs to the breast post menopause?

A
  • involution of the milk ducts
  • involution of the glandular tissues
  • replacement by fat
  • breast atrophy
32
Q

Describe the blood supply to the breast

A
  • thoracoacromial artery
  • internal thoracic (from first part of subclavian)
  • lateral thoracic
    *
33
Q

What nerves supply the breast?

A

anterior and lateral branches of intercostals T2-T6

34
Q

lymphatic drainage of the breast is mainly to the …?

A

to the Axilla

35
Q

what are the two lymphatic plexi of the breast?

A

the subareolar and the submammary

36
Q

what is the sentinel lymph node?

A

it is the first draining lymph node of the breast

37
Q

what are the quadrants of the breast and what quadrant is most likely to form cancer?

A
  • there are four quadrants
  • superiolateral - most likely to find cancer
  • superiomedial
  • inferolateral
  • inferomedial
    *
38
Q

what might be a benign reason for a breast lump?

A
  • cysts
  • fibrocystic disease
  • adenoma
39
Q

what are some signs of breast cancer?

A
  • skin dimpling
  • abnormal contours
  • edema of skin ( peau d’ orange)
  • nipple retraction and deviation
40
Q

what is the term for congenital absense of breast?

A

Amastia

41
Q

what vertebral level can you find the suprasternal notch at?

A

T2

42
Q

at what rib level can you find the sternal angle?

A

at the 2nd rib

43
Q

what is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

it elevates the sternum and clavicle and, thus, expands the thoracic cavity (inspiratory breathing muscle).

44
Q

What is the function of the Serratus anterior muscle? What is its innervation?

A

it angles your scapula - innervated by the long thoracic nerve of bell

  • when damaged nerve, leads to winged scapula due to it’s function
45
Q

orient the following bones

  • clavicle
  • sternum
  • ribs
  • vertebra
A
46
Q

Secondary cartilaginous joints are also known as?

A

sympheses

47
Q

Find the following landmarks on thoracic vertebrae

  • body
  • neural arch
  • transverse process
  • lamina, pedicle
  • spinous process, articular process
  • facets for ribs
  • basivertebral vein
  • ligament attachments
  • postvertebral muscles
  • contents of vertebral canal
  • manner in which ribs articulate with vertebrae
  • joints and movements
A
48
Q

On the first rib, find these landmarks

  • head
  • neck and structures related
  • tubercle
  • scalene tubercle
  • costochondral articulation
  • joint with vertebra
    *
A
49
Q

find the following landmarks on the sternum

  • manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • pectoralis major
  • vertebral levels of suprasternal notch
A
50
Q

What are the attachments of Pectoralis minor?

A

coracoid process

ribs 3-5

51
Q

What goes into the clavipectoral fascia?

A

The Lymphatics and the cephalic Vein

Cardiovascular and Respiratory (39 decks)

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