Thoracic Cavity

Question 1

Boundaries of the superior mediastinum

Answer 1

Superior: thoracic inlet

Inferior - angle of louis - t4/5 - thoracic plane

Lateral - pleura

Anterior - manubrium

Posterior t1-4

Question 2

Contents of the superior mediastinum

Answer 2

Arteries - aortic arch and branches of

Veins - brachiocephalic, SVC

organs - thymus, trachea, oseophagus, thoracic duct, LN

Question 3

Anterior mediastinum - where

Answer 3

Anterior to pericardium

Contains thymus and lymph nodes

Question 4

Contents of the posterior medisatinum

Answer 4

Pneumonic- DATES

D - descending aorta 
A - azygous and hemiazygous vien 
T- thoracic duct 
E- esionageous 
S- sympathetic trunk

Question 5

Path of the recurrently laryngeal nerve

Answer 5

Right - reoccurs around right subclavian artery

Left - reoccurs around ligamentum ateriousum

Question 6

What the recuurent laryngeal nerve innervates

Answer 6

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle except cricothyroid

Question 7

Levels of narrowing within the oesopahgeous

Answer 7

Level of cricoid - junction with pharynx

Posterior to aortic arch

Posterior to left main bronchus

Lower oesophageal sphincter

Question 8

What is the z - line in the oesopahgeous

Answer 8

Transition from non - keratinising squamous epithelium to gastric columnar

Question 9

3 compments of the gastro- oesophageal spinster

Answer 9

1. LOS - 4cm long hypertrophied smooth muscle
2. Extrinsic sphincter - skeletal muscle of the right curs of the diaphragm
3. Physiologic sphincter
   - distal component projects into the abdominal cavity and increased intra-abdominal pressure leads to compression
   
   • angles of his also forms valve preventing ️reflux

Question 10

Opening within the diaphragm

Answer 10

Aortic hiatus - t12

Oesophageas - t10

Vena cava - t 8