thoracic cage and cavity

Question 1

Name characteristics of a thoracic vertebrae? (5)

Answer 1

• heart shaped body
• circular vertebral foramen
• sloping downward projected spinous processes
• body has 4 costal facets
• transverse process has costal facet

Question 2

what are the three types of cartilage in the body?

Answer 2

• hyaline - can ossify with age
• fibrocartilage - can withstand very large forces
• elastic - never ossifies

Question 3

what is the centre of the intervertebral disc called?

Answer 3

nucleus fibrosus

Question 4

what is the outer rim of the intervertebral disc called?

Answer 4

annulus fibrosus

Question 5

what type of cartilage is the annulus fibrosis made of?

Answer 5

fibrocartilage

Question 6

what structures keep the annulus fibrosis in place?

Answer 6

longitudinal ligaments

Question 7

how is the periphery of the intervertebral disc (the free edges) supplied with blood?

Answer 7

by neighbouring capillaries

Question 8

how is the centre of the intervertebral disc supplied with blood?

Answer 8

via diffusion from the body of the vertebrae

Question 9

how many pairs of ribs are there?

Answer 9

12

Question 10

what number are the true ribs? (that attach to the sternum DIRECTLY via the costal cartilage)

Answer 10

1-7

Question 11

what number are the false ribs? (that articulate with the sternum INDIRECTLY via the costal cartilage)

Answer 11

8-10

Question 12

what number are the floating ribs? (that DO NOT articulate with the sternum)

Answer 12

11-12

Question 13

what type of cartilage is the costal cartilage?

Answer 13

hyaline cartilage

Question 14

what is the notch at the top of the manubrium of the sternum called?

Answer 14

the jugular notch

Question 15

what is the notch at the top corners of the manubrium called?

Answer 15

the clavicular notches

Question 16

what is the bottom part f the sternum called?

Answer 16

xiphoid process

Question 17

what costal facet of its own numbered vertebrae does each rib articulate with? (superior or inferior)

Answer 17

superior

Question 18

what type of joint is the costavertebral joint?

Answer 18

synovial - has a capsule and is supported by ligaments

Question 19

what doe sit mean if the head of the rib doesn’t have a ridge?

Answer 19

this is on ribs 1, 11 and 12 because they articulate with one oval costal facet instead of two demifacets

Question 20

what does the tubercle of each rib (except 11 and 12) articulate with?

Answer 20

the transverse process of its own-numbered vertebrae

Question 21

what is the costotransverse joint?

Answer 21

the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebrae

Question 22

which number of costotransverse joints have curved facets allowing rotatory movements?

Answer 22

1-7

Question 23

which number of costotransverse hints ave flat facets allowing gliding movements?

Answer 23

8,9 and 10

Question 24

what is a costochondrol joint?

Answer 24

the articulation of the bony rib with the costal cartilage

Question 25

what are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

Answer 25

T1 vertebrae
1st rib
costal cartilage
manubrium

Question 26

to what level of vertebrae does the thoracic inlet slope ANTERO-INFERIORLY?

Answer 26

T2/3

Question 27

what is the Cupula?

Answer 27

the pleura of the apex of the lung which extends above the thoracic inlet

Question 28

what are the 3 structures that pass between the thorax and the upper limb (i.e. clavicle) from anterior to posterior?

Answer 28

subclavian vein, subclavian artery, inferior trunk of brachial plexus

Question 29

what vertebrae is the border of the thoracic outlet?

Answer 29

T12

Question 30

what is the T8 caval opening of the diaphragm?

Answer 30

opening for the inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve

Question 31

what is the T10 oesophageal opening?

Answer 31

oesophagus
vagal trunk
left gastric vessels

Question 32

what is the T12 aortic hiatus?

Answer 32

the aorta
azygos duct
thoracic duct