thoracic cage and cavity Flashcards
Name characteristics of a thoracic vertebrae? (5)
- heart shaped body
- circular vertebral foramen
- sloping downward projected spinous processes
- body has 4 costal facets
- transverse process has costal facet
what are the three types of cartilage in the body?
- hyaline - can ossify with age
- fibrocartilage - can withstand very large forces
- elastic - never ossifies
what is the centre of the intervertebral disc called?
nucleus fibrosus
what is the outer rim of the intervertebral disc called?
annulus fibrosus
what type of cartilage is the annulus fibrosis made of?
fibrocartilage
what structures keep the annulus fibrosis in place?
longitudinal ligaments
how is the periphery of the intervertebral disc (the free edges) supplied with blood?
by neighbouring capillaries
how is the centre of the intervertebral disc supplied with blood?
via diffusion from the body of the vertebrae
how many pairs of ribs are there?
12
what number are the true ribs? (that attach to the sternum DIRECTLY via the costal cartilage)
1-7
what number are the false ribs? (that articulate with the sternum INDIRECTLY via the costal cartilage)
8-10
what number are the floating ribs? (that DO NOT articulate with the sternum)
11-12
what type of cartilage is the costal cartilage?
hyaline cartilage
what is the notch at the top of the manubrium of the sternum called?
the jugular notch
what is the notch at the top corners of the manubrium called?
the clavicular notches
what is the bottom part f the sternum called?
xiphoid process
what costal facet of its own numbered vertebrae does each rib articulate with? (superior or inferior)
superior
what type of joint is the costavertebral joint?
synovial - has a capsule and is supported by ligaments
what doe sit mean if the head of the rib doesn’t have a ridge?
this is on ribs 1, 11 and 12 because they articulate with one oval costal facet instead of two demifacets
what does the tubercle of each rib (except 11 and 12) articulate with?
the transverse process of its own-numbered vertebrae
what is the costotransverse joint?
the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the vertebrae
which number of costotransverse joints have curved facets allowing rotatory movements?
1-7
which number of costotransverse hints ave flat facets allowing gliding movements?
8,9 and 10
what is a costochondrol joint?
the articulation of the bony rib with the costal cartilage
what are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?
T1 vertebrae
1st rib
costal cartilage
manubrium
to what level of vertebrae does the thoracic inlet slope ANTERO-INFERIORLY?
T2/3
what is the Cupula?
the pleura of the apex of the lung which extends above the thoracic inlet
what are the 3 structures that pass between the thorax and the upper limb (i.e. clavicle) from anterior to posterior?
subclavian vein, subclavian artery, inferior trunk of brachial plexus
what vertebrae is the border of the thoracic outlet?
T12
what is the T8 caval opening of the diaphragm?
opening for the inferior vena cava and right phrenic nerve
what is the T10 oesophageal opening?
oesophagus
vagal trunk
left gastric vessels
what is the T12 aortic hiatus?
the aorta
azygos duct
thoracic duct
