coronary circulation and conduction system

Question 1

is cardiac muscle striated?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

what is the name of the joining region between individual muscle cells?

Answer 2

intercalated discs

Question 3

what is chronotropy?

Answer 3

the ability to generate electrical signall

Question 4

what is dromotopy?

Answer 4

conduction

Question 5

what is bathmotropy?

Answer 5

excitability/ability to respond

Question 6

what is Isotropy?

Answer 6

contractility (the actual response)

Question 7

what is lusitropy?

Answer 7

relaxation

Question 8

which cusp of the valve of the aorta is the NON-CORONARY cusp?

Answer 8

the posterior cusp

Question 9

during systole or diastole do the coronary arteries receive blood?

Answer 9

diastole

Question 10

where does the right coronary artery pass between once it emerges from the right coronary cusp?

Answer 10

between the right auricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 11

what is the first branch the RIGHT coronary artery gives off?

Answer 11

the SA nodal branch

Question 12

what branches does the right coronary artery give off to supply the right atrium?

Answer 12

atrial branches

Question 13

what branch does the right coronary artery die off before it turns onto the posterior surface?

Answer 13

right marginal branch

Question 14

what branch of the right coronary artery anastomoses with branches of the left coronary artery in the coronary sulcus and at the apex?

Answer 14

the posterior inter ventricular branch

Question 15

is the left coronary artery or the right coronary artery usually dominant?

Answer 15

RCA

Question 16

what is obstruction of the right coronary artery usually refereed to as?

Answer 16

inferior infarct

Question 17

what is obstruction of the right coronary artery likely to cause?

Answer 17

arrhythmias

Question 18

which coronary artery is shorter but thicker?

Answer 18

the left coronary artery

Question 19

what does the left coronary artery divide into after it has travelled in the coronary sulcus?

Answer 19

the circumflex and anterior inter ventricular

Question 20

what groove does the anterior iterventruclar branch of the LAD travel in?

Answer 20

the anterior inter ventricular groove

Question 21

what does the anterior inter ventricular branch of the LAD anastomose with at the apex?

Answer 21

the posterior inter ventricular branch of the RCA

Question 22

which branch of the LAD is most commonly affected by atherosclerosis?

Answer 22

the anterior inter ventricular branch

Question 23

what branch does the circumflex branch of the LCA give off?

Answer 23

the left marginal branch

Question 24

what does the circumflex branch anastomose with in the coronary sulcus posteriorly?

Answer 24

branches of the RCA

Question 25

what does obstruction of the left anterior descending artery cause?

Answer 25

anterior infarct

Question 26

what does obstruction of the circumflex coronary artery cause?

Answer 26

lateral infarct

Question 27

what does left anterior infarct cause?

Answer 27

loss of LV function, which causes ventricular fibrillation

Question 28

what supplies the part of the interventriclar septum containing the bundle of His?

Answer 28

the right coronary artery

Question 29

how is dominance controlled in terms of coronary arteries?

Answer 29

whichever coronary artery supplies the AV node is dominant

Question 30

which artery is the most commonly affected by atherosclerosis?

Answer 30

anterior interventriclar branch

Question 31

what vessels are commonly used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

Answer 31

left internal thoracic | great saphenous vein (must be inserted upside down because of valves)

Question 32

what are the three main veins on the anterior surface of the heart?

Answer 32

the great cardiac vein (accompanies LAD) the small cardiac vein (accompanies right marginal branch) the anterior cardiac vein

Question 33

where do the anterior cardiac veins drain into?

Answer 33

they drain INDEPENDENTLY into the right atrium

Question 34

what is the main vein on the posterior surface of the heart?

Answer 34

the middle cardiac vein

Question 35

where does the coronary sinus lie?

Answer 35

lies between the LA and LV

Question 36

what are the FOUR components of the conduction system of the heart?

Answer 36

the SA node AV node bundle of his purkinje fibres

Question 37

what is another name for the Keith-flack and pacemaker node?

Answer 37

the SA node

Question 38

where is the SA node located?

Answer 38

anterior to the opening of the SVC, at the upper end of the cristae terminalis

Question 39

what is the depolarisation rate of the SA node?

Answer 39

70-80 beats per minute

Question 40

what is another name for the Aschoff-Tamara node?

Answer 40

the AV node

Question 41

where is the AV node located?

Answer 41

at the poster-inferior part of the IA septum close to the opening if the coronary sinus

Question 42

what is the depolarisation rate of the AV node?

Answer 42

40-55 bpms

Question 43

where does the bundle of His begin?

Answer 43

at the AV node

Question 44

what is the course of the bundle of his?

Answer 44

starts at AV node descends in the membranous part of IV septum, into the muscular part, then splits into the purkinje fibres which spread out into the ventricular walls

Question 45

what is the depolarisation rate of the bundle of his?

Answer 45

25-40bpm

Question 46

what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation on the coronary arteries?

Answer 46

they are dilated

Question 47

what spinal nerves do the sympathetic fibres travel in?

Answer 47

T1-5/6

Question 48

what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation on the coronary arteries?

Answer 48

constrict coronary arteries

Question 49

how is it defined whether the cardiac plexus is superficial or deep?

Answer 49

if it is anterior or posterior to the pulmonary trunk

Question 50

what is the location of the cardiac plexus?

Answer 50

inferior to the aortic arch, adjacent to the bifurcation of both the pulmonary trunk and the trachea