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second year > coronary circulation and conduction system > Flashcards

coronary circulation and conduction system Flashcards

1
Q

is cardiac muscle striated?

A

yes

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2
Q

what is the name of the joining region between individual muscle cells?

A

intercalated discs

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3
Q

what is chronotropy?

A

the ability to generate electrical signall

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4
Q

what is dromotopy?

A

conduction

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5
Q

what is bathmotropy?

A

excitability/ability to respond

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6
Q

what is Isotropy?

A

contractility (the actual response)

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7
Q

what is lusitropy?

A

relaxation

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8
Q

which cusp of the valve of the aorta is the NON-CORONARY cusp?

A

the posterior cusp

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9
Q

during systole or diastole do the coronary arteries receive blood?

A

diastole

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10
Q

where does the right coronary artery pass between once it emerges from the right coronary cusp?

A

between the right auricle and pulmonary trunk

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11
Q

what is the first branch the RIGHT coronary artery gives off?

A

the SA nodal branch

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12
Q

what branches does the right coronary artery give off to supply the right atrium?

A

atrial branches

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13
Q

what branch does the right coronary artery die off before it turns onto the posterior surface?

A

right marginal branch

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14
Q

what branch of the right coronary artery anastomoses with branches of the left coronary artery in the coronary sulcus and at the apex?

A

the posterior inter ventricular branch

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15
Q

is the left coronary artery or the right coronary artery usually dominant?

A

RCA

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16
Q

what is obstruction of the right coronary artery usually refereed to as?

A

inferior infarct

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17
Q

what is obstruction of the right coronary artery likely to cause?

A

arrhythmias

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18
Q

which coronary artery is shorter but thicker?

A

the left coronary artery

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19
Q

what does the left coronary artery divide into after it has travelled in the coronary sulcus?

A

the circumflex and anterior inter ventricular

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20
Q

what groove does the anterior iterventruclar branch of the LAD travel in?

A

the anterior inter ventricular groove

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21
Q

what does the anterior inter ventricular branch of the LAD anastomose with at the apex?

A

the posterior inter ventricular branch of the RCA

22
Q

which branch of the LAD is most commonly affected by atherosclerosis?

A

the anterior inter ventricular branch

23
Q

what branch does the circumflex branch of the LCA give off?

A

the left marginal branch

24
Q

what does the circumflex branch anastomose with in the coronary sulcus posteriorly?

A

branches of the RCA

25
Q

what does obstruction of the left anterior descending artery cause?

A

anterior infarct

26
Q

what does obstruction of the circumflex coronary artery cause?

A

lateral infarct

27
Q

what does left anterior infarct cause?

A

loss of LV function, which causes ventricular fibrillation

28
Q

what supplies the part of the interventriclar septum containing the bundle of His?

A

the right coronary artery

29
Q

how is dominance controlled in terms of coronary arteries?

A

whichever coronary artery supplies the AV node is dominant

30
Q

which artery is the most commonly affected by atherosclerosis?

A

anterior interventriclar branch

31
Q

what vessels are commonly used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)?

A

left internal thoracic

great saphenous vein (must be inserted upside down because of valves)

32
Q

what are the three main veins on the anterior surface of the heart?

A

the great cardiac vein (accompanies LAD)
the small cardiac vein (accompanies right marginal branch)
the anterior cardiac vein

33
Q

where do the anterior cardiac veins drain into?

A

they drain INDEPENDENTLY into the right atrium

34
Q

what is the main vein on the posterior surface of the heart?

A

the middle cardiac vein

35
Q

where does the coronary sinus lie?

A

lies between the LA and LV

36
Q

what are the FOUR components of the conduction system of the heart?

A

the SA node
AV node
bundle of his
purkinje fibres

37
Q

what is another name for the Keith-flack and pacemaker node?

A

the SA node

38
Q

where is the SA node located?

A

anterior to the opening of the SVC, at the upper end of the cristae terminalis

39
Q

what is the depolarisation rate of the SA node?

A

70-80 beats per minute

40
Q

what is another name for the Aschoff-Tamara node?

A

the AV node

41
Q

where is the AV node located?

A

at the poster-inferior part of the IA septum close to the opening if the coronary sinus

42
Q

what is the depolarisation rate of the AV node?

A

40-55 bpms

43
Q

where does the bundle of His begin?

A

at the AV node

44
Q

what is the course of the bundle of his?

A

starts at AV node
descends in the membranous part of IV septum, into the muscular part, then splits into the purkinje fibres which spread out into the ventricular walls

45
Q

what is the depolarisation rate of the bundle of his?

A

25-40bpm

46
Q

what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation on the coronary arteries?

A

they are dilated

47
Q

what spinal nerves do the sympathetic fibres travel in?

A

T1-5/6

48
Q

what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation on the coronary arteries?

A

constrict coronary arteries

49
Q

how is it defined whether the cardiac plexus is superficial or deep?

A

if it is anterior or posterior to the pulmonary trunk

50
Q

what is the location of the cardiac plexus?

A

inferior to the aortic arch, adjacent to the bifurcation of both the pulmonary trunk and the trachea

second year (24 decks)

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